In order for one to find this answer one should look into some National Geographic books. Another way to find this answer would be to ask a Biology professor.
Adaptive radiation
Galapagos tortoises eat grass and other plants which they acquire from grassy meadows.
Evolution
The varieties of beak structures among Galapagos finches is a good example of adaptation. Temperature and food sourcing influence the development of the differing beaks.
They are a cluster of island with thousands of animals and plants found no where else in the world for example the galapagos turtle.
Genetic isolation. This occurs when members of species that also occur on mainland areas begin to evolve slightly different habits and appearances.
The Great Lakes is an example of a geographic barrier, isolating populations from each other. Populations can become separated (isolated) from one another, as one group expands northward of the lakes and another expands southward of the lakes. Mountain ranges are geographic barriers that isolate populations from one another, in much the same way as the great lakes. Oceans geographically isolate land masses, and their respective populations, from one another. This includes islands as well as continents. Examples: the Galapagos Islands, Madagascar, and Australia. *Geographic isolation is the chief mechanism of allopatric speciation, considered by some to be a theory.
Geographical isolation for a society tends to keep the culture traditional. The isolation for a society also tends to keep the society from the good developments that other societies experience. An example is science and medicine advancements.
The great lakes is an example of a geographic barrier, isolating populations from each other. Populations can become separated (isolated) from one another, as one group expands northward of the lakes and another expands southward of the lakes. Mountain ranges are geographic barriers that isolate populations from one another, in much the same way as the great lakes. Oceans geographically isolate land masses, and their respective populations, from one another. This includes islands as well as continents. Examples: the Galapagos Islands, Madagascar, and Australia. *Geographic isolation is the chief mechanism of allopatric speciation, considered by some to be a theory.
Geographic isolation is most likely caused by physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or oceans that prevent populations from interbreeding. These barriers can lead to the evolution of new species due to the lack of gene flow between the isolated populations over time.
Ethiopia was greatly shaped by its isolation from geographical features. This gave them a sense of identity, so they developed in ways different from neighboring civilizations. For example, developed the unique churches of Labibela. They made amazing churches that were built into the ground and are still intact today. Their isolation allowed the Ethiopians to remain independent. It also helped them develop a unique sense of identity based largely on their religion.
An archipelago is basically a group of islands. Speciation according to the Biological Species Concept by Ernest Mayr, is -- populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. For example, the Galapagos finches studied by Charles Darwin. Some live on different parts of the archipelago and so have different features, adapting to their environment. These different feature obviously get passed down and are more frequent in future populations because those finches with this specific adaptation lived and reproduced better. So since there are different islands, there are different finch speciation and so the geographic isolation promotes speciation.
There are a variety of tortoises around the world in different countries. For example, there are 3 different types of tortoises on the Galapagos Islands alone.
These birds, although nearly identical in all other ways to mainland finches, had different beaks. Their beaks had adapted to the type of food they ate in order to fill different niches on the Galapagos Islands. Their isolation on the islands over long periods of time made them undergo speciation (form new species).Darwin wrote about his travels in the book The Voyage of the Beagle and fully explored the information he gained from the Galapagos Finches in his most famous book On the Origin of Species.It was in that publication that he first discussed how species changed over time.
Adaptive radiation
Any factor that in nature prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same species or of closely related species, for example geographic separation is itself a reproductive isolation because is a factor that prevents interbreeding. -extinction of one species -production of infertile offspring -development of physical differences
When a certain species is divided up into two or more separate populations (geographically, for example) they continue to evolve (via natural selection) and over time the two (or more) populations will be so different from each other that they will not be able to reproduce, and will fit the criteria of different species.