Liverworts come in two basic types; the leathery, lobed thalloid sheets and the leafy or moss-like gametophytes. Only the edges of liverwort leaves have lobes or points. The leaves are aligned in two rows along the stem.
Moss leaf edges may be serrated but are never lobed. The majority are smooth edged, all the same size, and are arranged in a spiral along the stem
Only moss have phyllids (leaf-like flanges) with cells along the midline that have a facilitated internal osmosis of water: prevascular xylem-like hydroid cells and the phloem-like leptoid cells. Liverworts lack these cell types.
-ahang-
hehehe
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the gametophyte of marchantia sp is thalloid and dorsi-ventrally flattened while that of funaria sp is differentiated into leaf-like, stem-like and root-like structures
The polytrichum SP are not widespread on land because the conditions on land do not favor them to grow. In a nutshell, the Polytrichum SP cannot thrive on land.
Both Dryopteris sp. and Marchantia sp. live in damp areas.Their spores are produced by meiosis.
i dont know..you should blame on matriculation programme
Liverworts can also reproduce asexually by means of special structures called gemmae cups. These little cups can be easily seen on the surface of the plant. Each gemma cup contains a number of tiny plantlets called gemmae, and a single drop of water will disperse them. These little vegetative "clones" will then grow into a new gametophyte.
Lycopodium is Isophyllous,Homosporous.It has monocious gametophyte and do not have rhizophores.But Selaginella is Dimorphism, heterosporous.It has dioecious gmetophyte and rhizophores
Lycopodium has only one size of spores said to homosporous while Selaginella has both a microspore that grows into the male gametophyte and macrospores that produces female gametophytes. Selaginella has ligules at the base of each microphyl
Navicula sp.,Cymbella sp., Melosira sp.,Asteromphalus sp.
sp-sp stands for 180 angles
The number 5 is used as a spacer (sp) in the sequence. 3-sp-4-sp-5-sp-6-sp-7-sp.....
just saying SP is shorter