There are MANY distributions of Linux out there, and almost all of them are compatible with Intel processors. Some of the main ones are:
ALT Linux
CERN Linux
Damn Small Linux
Debian
Fedora Core
Gentoo Linux
Knoppix
Linspire
Mandriva
muLinux
Slackware
SuSE
Ubuntu
Vectorlinux
Xandros Desktop
and of course, Puppy Linux.
Like I said, there are MANY distributions out there that will work with Intel hardware, but these are some of the most common ones. Puppy Linux works with almost ANYTHINIG, I used it to boot into a really old PC in our attic with about 128MB RAM, single core processor and a really bad graphics card - brilliant performance. So, whether you're asking because you have a computer with an Intel processor or whether you're trying to find a Linux distro for use with older hardware the ones I have listed should all work fine for you. I recommend Ubuntu, Puppy or Debian if you are new though I haven't tried all of them myself to comment on the others.
Many Linux distributions are intended for home users.
This is a holding question for alternates dealing with long-obsolete Linux distributions, such as Red Hat Linux 9. Please do not split the alternates out. There is no reason to use these distributions; they no longer receive any security updates, may not run on modern hardware, and many modern Linux distributions are free.
Yes. Linux has been ported to over a dozen CPU architectures, such as PowerPC, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, SH-3, SH-4, ARM, and the Motorola 68k. P.S. - AMD processors are considered Intel-compatible.
There are many ways to categorize Linux distributions. You can categorize them by their size, whether they run on a LiveCD, whether they are provided gratis, their ancestry of other Linux distros, and the purpose the distro is meant to serve.
GCC is already for the most part preinstalled in many, if not all, GNU/Linux distributions.
Linux distributions can support hundreds of thousands of devices and programs, far too many to list.
The open source model allows the freedom for anyone to view, modify, and distribute source code. The Linux kernel and the many distributions that uses it are released under any given open-source license which allows anyone to build their own Linux distribution at will.
There are many open-source OS distributions (distros) branching out from the Linux Kernel. Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Puppy, to name but three.
The Linux kernel and the many off-shoot operating system distributions (Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and so on) are classed as open source and have nothing to do with Microsoft.
Many distributions have documentation or builtin graphical installation utilities.
Many distributions have older disk images in their archives. Try there.
Linux is an open source Kernel a key element in any operating system responsible amongst other things for managing memory. A Linux distribution is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, there are many Linux distributions. Please reword the question.