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20 Amino Acids
No, they code for amino acids (in sequence).
The sequence of nitrogenous bases (A, T, G and C) forms a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The code is a triplet code. This means that three bases code for one amino acid. So, the order of the bases in a gene determines the order of the amino acids in a protein.
mRNA base pairs determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation by matching with tRNA molecules that carry specific amino acids. The sequence of mRNA codons (three-base sequences) determines which amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. This process is guided by the genetic code, where each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.
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3 base pairs (3 letters) code for 1 aminoacid and this 3 base pair sequence is called a codon.
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The instructions for arranging amino acids are stored in a cell's DNA, which contains the genetic code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. This genetic information is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and then translated by ribosomes to build the protein according to the instructions provided.
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The process of converting mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called translation. During translation, mRNA is read by ribosomes to produce a specific sequence of amino acids according to the genetic code. This sequence of amino acids then folds into a protein with a specific function.
300 nucleotides are needed to code for a polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long, because each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 nucleotides (codon), and there are 100 amino acids in the polypeptide.
The DNA sequence TCAGCCACCTATGGA codes for the mRNA sequence UCAGCCACCUAUGGA, which translates to the amino acids Serine-Alanine-Threonine-Tryptophan. Therefore, this DNA sequence codes for 4 amino acids.