In most languages with a null reference, it is simply a memory address to a zero-length memory block. So the only memory it would occupy in these cases would be enough for a memory pointer: usually around 4 bytes.
4 bytes
eight bytes in most popular system
4
Basically 1 kilobyte
A java.util.Date object will take about 32 bytes in memory.
No definite answer, many corporate databases contain terabytes of data. In the case of smaller business it can be a few gigabytes.
All references must be non-null, therefore they will always have memory allocated to them. A reference is simply a non-null memory location that stores a specific type of variable, as determined by the reference's type. The reference name is an alias (a token) for the memory location, in much the same way that an array name is an alias for the starting address of the array. A pointer variable is different in that memory must be set aside for the pointer variable itself, in addition to the memory it actually points to. On a 32-bit system, 4 bytes must be allocated to every pointer variable, to store the memory address that they point to, which could be null. But references only occupy the memory they actually refer to, which can never be null (a null reference will in fact render the program invalid).
Depends on several factors:number of bytes per character: 1 to 4 depending on which alphabet and character encoding you use. 1 byte per character for US-ASCII and the most common Western Europe encodings.length of the string: bytes per character times number of charactersprogramming language: in C, the string takes up no more space than the characters do. In many other languages, there is an additional fixed overhead for the string object itself. For example in Java, a string takes 2-4 bytes plus the space taken by the characters.
1073741824 bytes or 10243 bytes or 230 bytes
1024 bytes
4 - one for each character. However, depending on the computer language being used, there is some "overhead" - for example, with "C", the end of a text string is indicated with a null character, so "Bill" would need 5 bytes. Other languages precede strings with their length, the length taking 2, 4 or 8 bytes.
1024 bytes