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Phosphorus has to gain a total of 3 electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.

You can find this for any non-metal because the last digit of its group number is the number of valence electrons it has. For example Phosphorus has 5 and Sulfur has 6. In order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration, you must have 8 valence electrons, so phosphorus must gain 3.

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Q: How many electrons does phosphorus have to gain in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?
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Can phosphorus produce cations or aions?

Phosphorus, like all atoms, tries to achieve a full electron shell. For Phosphorus to achieve its full shell and obtain an electron configuration that is isoelectronic with Argon, it must gain 3 electrons. Therefore, Phosphorus forms a -3 anion.


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