If you have plenty of RAM: 1, as a swap partition is rarely used by Linux on systems with more than 2 or 3 GiB of RAM available, and all the toplevels of the Linux directory structure can be put on the same partition. A swap partition on a system with plenty of RAM is a waste of hard disk space.
If you're strapped for memory, 2, to allow for the swap partition, so that Linux can extend its memory onto the hard disk so you won't run out. A good rule of thumb is to create a swap partition at LEAST 1.5 times larger than your system RAM. For example, if you have 512 MiB of RAM: a 768 MiB MINIMUM swap partition is advised. If you have lots of hard disk space, an ideal consideration is actually to triple your RAM in swap space: 512 MiB of RAM will be supported by a 1.5 GiB swap partition.
Personally, if you have lots of hard disk space, I recommend at least 3: One for /, one for /home, and one for swap, if needed, otherwise it'll be for /boot.
You can install Puppy linux by typing "install" when it asks how it should be booted. from there you have options from installing it to LiveUSB, HDD, and many more options. Note: if you choose to install Puppy linux on Compact Flash, make sure a Partition has been created.
Many distributions have documentation or builtin graphical installation utilities.
Different Linux distributions have different methods for installing programs, far too many to be comprehensive in a single answer. If you want a specific answer, ask "How do i install Firefox and Pidgin in Ubuntu?" or "How do I install Firefox and Pidgin in OpenSUSE?", or whatever distribution you are using.
That depends on what codecs you install. By default, it doesn't come with many, but you can install support for proprietary codecs.
Linux has no built-in support for Windows programs, but many Windows programs and games can be used if you install Wine, a compatibility layer. There are some commercial programs that do the same thing, such as Cedega, that are targeted specifically at games, or Crossover Office, which is targeted at Micosoft Office.
Most Linux distros will by default install themselves secondary to Windows, BUT you MUST FIRST make a separate partition on your HD for Linux to install on, for the install erases everything that is already on that partition. How to do that is found in your Windows Help. If that's a problem for you, many Linux distros can be run from a CD or DVD, without installation to the HD, so you can try them out to get the feel of them. Knoppix is one such distro. If you want something as like to Windows as possible, try Lubuntu or its parent Ubuntu. But be aware that Linux is NOT a free windows. If you are a command line junkie like myself, I recommend Slackware. If you are into designing and building your own OS based on the Linux kernel, try Arch. In short, the various Linux distros (or flavors) are all different to one another, each having their own design philosophy. Deciding which one you want will be your major problem. Google 'linux reviews'.
The following installation methods are available: CD-ROM Hard Drive Network Install (via NFS, FTP, or HTTP) Kickstart PXE Red Hat Network Provisioning
The best place to find a video on how to install Linux would be on YouTube. YouTube is home to a variety of detailed tutorials that are sure to provide assistance to anyone in need of it. Many of the videos found there are easy to follow and are sure to walk a person through installing Linux.
I think it was the Linux kernel. There are many used with Linux now.
The courses available for Linux include Linux server, Linux desktop, bash shell, and many others.
There are many websites where one can learn about fdisk and many other Linux commands including Linux Help, Tuxfiles, Computer Hope, Linux Questions and Linux Solved.
From any of the websites for the many Linux distros out there.