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Short answers: at the height of the empire, the city Rome had over 1 million inhabitants, the vast majority of which spoke Latin.

Longer answer: throughout antiquity Latin was the main spoken language of the whole Italian peninsula, which means several million people spoke it as their native language.

It was also the official written language of the whole Roman empire, which means many more used it as their second language.

A little background:

what we call today Latin is not the original Latin, but rather the Latin they spoke in Rome... "Roman Latin" probably would be a more correct term.

Even before Rome was founded (700 BC circa) Latin was the spoken language of the Latins, which were one of the so-called Italic people... other tribes included Ombran, Falisci, Sabelli... they all spoke very similar languages anyway.

Back then Roma was just one of the many small towns belonging to the Latin people.

When Rome started becoming dominant (very roughly, around 400-300 BC) a lot of other Italic-language people started settling there, along with people who had very different languages, such as the Etruscans.

This melting pot resulted in what we called today Latin, or better Roman Latin.

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In ancient Rome, the elite and educated population primarily spoke Latin. However, not everyone in Rome spoke Latin as it was also a multilingual city with residents speaking other languages such as Greek, Oscan, and Etruscan.

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Q: How many people spoke Latin in Rome?
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