That discussion begs to open up the whole topic of what you consider a 'prayer'.
If you grant that it could easily be anything expressed when a human addresses
Gcd, then you'd have to count up all of the occasions when Adam, Cain, Noah,
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, and even Bilaam did that. Just from the plain text
of the Torah, I suspect the total is in the hundreds.
By thinking deeply into the prayers and during Torah-study.
Sabbath and festival prayers (the Torah is read), some weekday morning prayers, prayers on fast days, Purim, Rosh Chodesh, and Hannukah. Also the Bar Mitzva ceremony (which is incorporated in the Sabbath morning prayers).
Prayers and Torah-reading.
On Simchat Torah, there are special prayers and Torah-readings. Work is forbidden, and festive maels are held. It is customary to dance in the synagogue with the Torah scrolls.
All of the usual prayers, plus the special prayers added on all holidays. But the prayers for rain are central to Sukkot.
1) By celebrating Passover. 2) By learning the Torah (we read the whole Torah each year). The Torah recounts the entire narrative of the Exodus. 3) The Exodus is mentioned many times in our prayers. 4) A number of Torah-commands, including Shabbat, are described as commemorating the Exodus.
The hazzan leads the prayers in the synagogue and often is the one who also reads from the Torah-scroll.
A bimah doesn't do anything. It's the platform that the Torah is read and prayers are led from in a synagogue.
Hebrew is used in Judaism, in its Torah and the prayers. See also:More about Hebrew
The One God, creator of the universe and giver of the Torah. We don't utter God's name outside of prayers and reading Torah-verses.
The Exodus is mentioned in the daily prayers and is given in the Torah (Exodus ch.12) as the motivation for many of the mitzvos (commands).
Talmud is the Jewish book of laws.