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How many protein molecules can one ribosome produce per second?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Ribosomes produce about 2,000 proteins per second or 173,000,000 per day. Astounding beyond all reason. Multiply that by the number of cells in the human body, and you get 1.28x10 to the 21 proteins manufactured each day. Cells also destroy the same number. They are constantly renewing and replacing their proteins.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
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What two organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes produce proteins and proteins are produced very quickly. There are two kinds of ribosomes: Bound and Free The second organelle is the nucleolus where RNA is synthesized and assembled from proteins. Both are part of the nucleus which is part of the ER system
Where does the messenger RNA go?
When mRNA leaves the nucleus, it goes to the ribosomes - where it is "translated" into a sequence of amino acids that form a protein. The mRNA contains 3-base codes, which bind with a tRNA carrying a specific amino acid. When these bind, the amino acid is joined to a chain. At the end of translation this chain is a protein. This process all occurs in the ribosome.
What is making a real protein?
To make a protein, a cell goes through two processes, the first one is transcription and the second is translation. In the first stage, DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the two strands of a DNA double helix. Then DNA polymerase comes in and helps make a complementary strand called messenger RNA of mRNA. this mRNA is then cut up to the bare essentials, thus containing pretty much only the nucleotides coding for genes. Splicosomes are the molecules that do this cutting, known as splicing, which then makes the mRNA ready for action. The mRNA then travels outside of the nucleus, and finds a transfer RNA of tRNA molecule. The next step is translation, in which the actual building of the protein takes place. First off, the mRNA molecule is floating around, until it meets a ribosome. This ribosome is the site at which this mRNA will meet a tRNA molecule, containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to that of the mRNA. This tRNA has this nucleotide sequence at one end, and an amino acid on the other end. This amino acid is then put into the ribosome, into the A site of the ribosome. It then moves to the P site, where the polypeptide chain, or building of the protein is actually taking place. This amino acid is then adjoined to the chain, and is then part of the protein molecule. Once all of the necessary amino acids are joined in, the protein moves to the E site, where it exits the ribosome. This molecule is then complete, and will then proceed to the part of the cell where it is needed, and will start to function.
What is trna and what does it function?
tRNAs are small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to growing polypeptide chains that are being made in a ribosome. The have anti-codons that are complimentary to the codons on the mRNA. They carry an amino acid that is specific to their anti-codon.
What is DNA to RNA to protein called?
Okay, so here's how it works. DNA is read by an RNA polymerase, which "builds" the RNA to be complementary to a portion of the DNA strand. The RNA that is formed here is mRNA. tRNA is a separate thing of its own. Each tRNA molecule has a certain amino acid attached to it. As a ribosome "reads" the mRNA, tRNA molecules' anticodons bond temporarily to the codons of the mRNA, and the ribosome puts together the amino acids (from the tRNA molecules), forming a protein. So, indirectly, yes.
3 steps of protein synthesis?
In the body, proteins are synthesized inside organelles known as ribosomes. The first step in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from a gene of DNA. The second step is for protein synthesis to begin and the formation of a protein chain to take place. The third step is for the ribosome to terminate production of the protein, hydrolyze the ingredients that initiated protein production, and then release the protein from the ribosome.
What two organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes produce proteins and proteins are produced very quickly. There are two kinds of ribosomes: Bound and Free The second organelle is the nucleolus where RNA is synthesized and assembled from proteins. Both are part of the nucleus which is part of the ER system
Where does the messenger RNA go?
When mRNA leaves the nucleus, it goes to the ribosomes - where it is "translated" into a sequence of amino acids that form a protein. The mRNA contains 3-base codes, which bind with a tRNA carrying a specific amino acid. When these bind, the amino acid is joined to a chain. At the end of translation this chain is a protein. This process all occurs in the ribosome.
What is making a real protein?
To make a protein, a cell goes through two processes, the first one is transcription and the second is translation. In the first stage, DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the two strands of a DNA double helix. Then DNA polymerase comes in and helps make a complementary strand called messenger RNA of mRNA. this mRNA is then cut up to the bare essentials, thus containing pretty much only the nucleotides coding for genes. Splicosomes are the molecules that do this cutting, known as splicing, which then makes the mRNA ready for action. The mRNA then travels outside of the nucleus, and finds a transfer RNA of tRNA molecule. The next step is translation, in which the actual building of the protein takes place. First off, the mRNA molecule is floating around, until it meets a ribosome. This ribosome is the site at which this mRNA will meet a tRNA molecule, containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to that of the mRNA. This tRNA has this nucleotide sequence at one end, and an amino acid on the other end. This amino acid is then put into the ribosome, into the A site of the ribosome. It then moves to the P site, where the polypeptide chain, or building of the protein is actually taking place. This amino acid is then adjoined to the chain, and is then part of the protein molecule. Once all of the necessary amino acids are joined in, the protein moves to the E site, where it exits the ribosome. This molecule is then complete, and will then proceed to the part of the cell where it is needed, and will start to function.
What is trna and what does it function?
tRNAs are small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to growing polypeptide chains that are being made in a ribosome. The have anti-codons that are complimentary to the codons on the mRNA. They carry an amino acid that is specific to their anti-codon.
What Proteins are synthesized?
During protein synthesis, or translation, is a process that uses a messenger RNA transcript that is translated by a ribosome. Charged tRNAs carry new amino acids to the ribosome-mRNA complex. These amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain, with each amino acid being specifically added based on a three-nucleotide base mRNA codon-tRNA anticodon association.
What is DNA to RNA to protein called?
Okay, so here's how it works. DNA is read by an RNA polymerase, which "builds" the RNA to be complementary to a portion of the DNA strand. The RNA that is formed here is mRNA. tRNA is a separate thing of its own. Each tRNA molecule has a certain amino acid attached to it. As a ribosome "reads" the mRNA, tRNA molecules' anticodons bond temporarily to the codons of the mRNA, and the ribosome puts together the amino acids (from the tRNA molecules), forming a protein. So, indirectly, yes.
What best describes the introduction of a human gene into bacteria to induce the bacteria to produce a desired human protein?
Recombinant DNA technology, DNA is inserted into bacteria, it can be used to make large quantities of the desired protein., and it had its origins in two related fields. the first, microbial genetics, studies mechanisms by which microorganisms inherit traits. the second, molecular biology, specially studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of protein. Are you going to Kirkwood?
Relationship between receptor protein and signal molecule?
Depending on what harmone it is, the hormone will attach to the receptor protein if the shape of the hormone and the receptor protein correspond.
Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?
.........................This is what it is americans.................. 1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.Read more: List_the_sequence_of_events_that_happens_during_protein_synthesis
What makes enzymes in the digestive system?
first salivary glands in the mouth which produce an enzyme which help in digesting carbohydrates. second gastric gland in stomach produce an enzyme called pepsin which help in digesting protein third in the pancreas which produce the three types of enzymes that digest all types of food .
What is the second part of protein synthesis?
translation
