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How might a company benefit from having a diverse board of directors that include representatives of several industries countries and cultures?
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Why is an understanding of national cultures important in strategic management?
An understanding of different national cultures is important in all aspects of strategic management. Since international trade is becoming increasingly important, knowledge of national cultures is important to environmental scanning. One must scan not only key forces in one's industry, but also different societal forces in other parts of the world where the company might do business. An understanding of national cultures is also important to the formulation of strategy. Many cultures are very ethnocentric and do not like foreigners controlling key parts of their country. In Saudi Arabia, for example, non-Saudis cannot own land - they can only rent it. Most countries have rules regarding ownership of companies in industries which are deemed important to that country's welfare (for example, the U.S. defense industry). A company must have an understanding of these differences if it is to formulate various entry strategies into different countries or regions. An understanding of different cultures is especially important in strategy implementation. Because of cultural differences, managerial style and human resource practices must be tailored to fit the particular situations in other countries. Hofstede found in his research that national culture is so influential that it tends to overwhelm even a strong corporate culture. In measuring the differences among five national dimensions from country to country, he was able to explain what a certain management practice might be successful in one nation, but fail in another. Knowledge of these kinds of differences is crucial for any multinational corporation. An understanding of national cultures is also important to evaluation and control
Why should Americans bother to learn about other cultures?
Because if we don't learn about other cultures, we will continue to be a self-obsessed, ignorant, and insular nation that doesn't care about the world. This ignorance is what is making this country collapse.
It has been said that MNCs often introduce new efficiency oriented management practices What can developing host country learn from the MNCs in this respect?
Answer. Multinational Corporations' have played a significant role in thedevelopment of poor countries. Be it introducing best management practices,help in improving productivity, making local people become competitive orimproving the quality of life of people, the contribution of MNCs has beenpraiseworthy. The management style of MNCs' are different with respect todomestic management style.MNCs are known for their efficiency-oriented management systems. When MNCsoperate in a developed host country, the influence on the management practicesof the host country is often positive. This occurs due to the interaction which can bedescribed as "cross-fertilisation" between the two sets of practices. Theinteractionmay bring about improvement in management technologies and practices.In the context of developing countries, MNCs most often introduce newefficiency-oriented" management practices. Thus a developing host country can learn a,good deal from the MNCs in this respect.MNCs Business CultureOne of the major areas of controversy is the impact of MNCs on host countries'culture. This has several dimensions which we shall discuss:Market Promotion and Advertising: It is known that MNCs rely heavily onadvertising and market promotion to retain and enhance their market share. These advertisements and market promotion techniques very often have theirbasis in the advertisement and market promotion techniques and approachesadopted in home countries of the parents. Thus, it is argued that the MNCs bringwith them to the host country their cultural bias powerfully based in developedcountry. This, according, to some, damages the local culture. This problem maynot be serious in host countries which have similar cultural patterns. But in thosehost countries which belong to different cultures, this problem becomes fairlyacute. Their advertisements and sales promotions have very often distorted localcultural preferences and thus created substantial confusion in the host countries.It may also happen sometimes that such advertisements may not bring thedesired result to the MNC as has been theexperience in the fields of food, drinks and clothes.While the local enterprises are imitating the MNCs in respect of advertisementand market promotion, MNCs are also fast learning the necessity of adaptingtheir promotion campaigns consistent with a host country's culture although themajor refrain remains the global market approach of the MNCs where thematerial differences are expected to be either eliminated or reduced. MNCs and Social Responsibility: Modern business is expected not to overlook itssocial responsibility. While the government's intervention is disliked, there isincreasing realization that modern business must realize its social responsibility. The. MNCs may have different perceptions of social responsibility. In the homecountry, they can be more sensitive to the national responsibility whereas in thehost country, especially in a developing country, it could be less. This tendency ishowever changing although very slowly. The MNCs are perhaps realising that it isin theirlong-term interest to acknowledge their social responsibility in the host countryalso. But the Bhopal disaster case which was caused by the leak of gas from theUnion Carbide Plant, does not give much hope that MNCs would behave with fullsense of responsibility. The irresponsible behaviour of the, Union Carbide causedmisery to a large number of inhabitants of Bhopal MNCs often sell medicines indeveloping host countries which have been banned in their home countries. MNCs and Environment Protection in Host Countries : MNCs are underincreasing pressure by their home governments to give up the technologieswhich damage the environment. Hence MNCs are choosing countries whereenvironment regulations are weak. It is likely that MNCs are not mindful of theenvironmental disaster they create in a host country. What is more concerning isan intellectualsupport to such a shift as has been argued by the Vice-President of the WorldBank, Professor Lawrence Summers. According to him the harm from the shiftingof environmentally pollution prone industries to the developing countries will befar less than if these industries were operated in the developed countries for thepopulation of developed countries has lower limits of tolerance of environmentalpollution and higher level of health consciousness than in the developingcountries. Restrictive Business Practices : One of the important aspects of the MNCs'operation has been their restrictive business practices which affect the free operation of their subsidiaries, affiliates and branches in host countries. Theserestrictive business practices include typing imports to specific sources of interest to MNCs, conditions of technology transfer, price fixation, exports,restrictive use of brand names and trademarks etc. Efforts at De-stabilisation : The history of MNCs shows that they have at timestaken recourse to de-stabilisation of inconvenient governments especially indeveloping countries However, MNCs have been found not to be indulging inpolitical de-stabilisation in the developing countries during the latter half of theseventies and the eighties. The absence of such a phenomenon now can beattributed to a few main factors:(i)The MNCs no longer needed to indulge in political de-stabilisation as theinternational ideological environment in the eighties had been suchthat there seemed no basic contradiction between the objectives of theMNCs and the governments of most host developing countries.(ii)The MNCs appreciated the fact of independent governments in thedeveloping countries. These governments have developed the capacityto cope with such situations or contingencies. Similarly, the hostdeveloping countries also recognized the need to adhere to thecommitments made by them. Therefore, in the eighties one witnessedsubstantially lesser number of nationalizations and expropriations thanhad been in the sixties and the early seventies.(iii)The MNCs were not very much interested in raw materials in the eighties. They were steadily withdrawing from these sectors, thus removing theprime cause of confrontation between the host country governmentsand the MNCs.(iv)The emerging importance of smaller MNCs in their own countries has alsocontributed to the growth of confidence of developing countries in the MNCs.
Concepts of business and development of business cultures?
The business culture has developed considerably, just as the business world has developed. It has been gradual, but appropriate to the global and wide-changing nature of the modern business world.
How human skill are more important to a manager than conceptual and technical skills?
In order an equilibrium is maintain within an organization, a manager should be able to deal people with diverse cultures. However, these three (3) skills are all important for a managerial position.
What do Canada and the united States have in common?
Similar forms of government Easy travel between the two Closely related cultures or they're both diverse countries A 5525 mile border
What cultures did Buddhism affect?
Buddhism effects the cultures and countries of China, India, the Middle east and many countries in Asia
What are the cultures of the asean countries?
They have many cultures in the Asian countries. In Asia art and music are done a lot, there religions are Hinduism and Buddhism and they are more like the western world.
Did Alexander the great let countries keep their cultures?
Yes
What are beliefs and traditions and cultures values of African Asian countries?
Beliefs in African and Asian countries are often influenced by traditional religions such as animism, ancestor worship, and spiritualism. Traditional cultural values include respect for elders, communal living, and importance of family ties. In both regions, customs such as storytelling, dance, music, and traditional dress play a significant role in cultural expression.
Where there any misunderstandings due to being from different cultures between Iraq and Bulgaria?
yes, every countries have different cultures
What are beliefs and traditions and cultures of African Asian countries?
Beliefs, traditions, and cultures in African and Asian countries can vary greatly. In African countries, these may include animism, spiritual beliefs, and strong traditional practices such as storytelling and music. In Asian countries, traditions like Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Islam may influence beliefs and cultural practices, including festivals, rituals, and traditional arts. It's essential to note that each country within these regions has its unique set of beliefs and traditions shaped by history, geography, and social factors.
What other countries or cultures believe red is a lucky color?
China.
Bridging cultures meeting?
Bridging Cultures is a project organized by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Its participants meet in the United States and in other countries.
How are Chinese Japanese and Korean interrelated?
China sent missionaries and representatives to Japan and Korea, influencing their languages, writing systems, and cultures.
Is there any specific french cultures in Madagascar?
No, there are not any listed specific French cultures in the country of Madagascar. The culture in Madagascar is unique and independent and unlike the cultures of other countries including France.
What are examples for culture?
In some countries people say "Hello how are you?" when they meet. In other countries people say "where have you come from?" or "Where are you going?" Some cultures have 4 or 5 words for snow, other cultures have only one or none. In some cultures when you eat at a wedding the honoured guests go first and children eat last in other countries everybody eats at the same time. In some cultures people greet by touching noses or pressing cheeks together, in some cultures people greet each other by shaking hands
