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If you have ever lived in the Midwest you have undoubtedly seen parked ground vehicles damaged by hail. Depending on the size of the hail stone, damage can range from a few tiny indentations (dents) to situations where your car looks like Thor beat it with his five pound hammer. Now consider an aircraft moving through the atmosphere at speeds between 100 mph to 600+ mph. The combined velocities of the hail and aircraft can cause severe damage to windshields, nose radomes (a fiberglass cover over the aircraft's radar), and the leading edges of wings and control surfaces. Severely cracked windshields may "implode" into the cockpit because of the aerodynamic forces involved, although windscreen manufacturers try to design glass that can withstand these forces. Major dents on the leading edges of control surfaces and wings will have a measurable effect on the airflow over the surfaces' airfoil shape, thus affecting aircraft lift and controlability. The United States Air Force requires its aircraft avoid thunderstorms by at least 10 miles, the distance at which hail can be tossed from large storms.

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Q: How might hail damage aircraft in flight?
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