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just like the rain gauge
Psychrometer, Barometer, Thermometer, Gauge, Wind Vane and Antimometer.
Thomas Edison invented the first light filament that would not fail in the first few seconds of use. The above is the popular myth, but not supported by facts and patent. The original patents for a successful electric light (and there is a long history of attempts) belong to an English chemist Joseph Swan, who gave his information to Edison who then went on to large scale manufacture. Swan retained his manufacture rights for England (and the Continent?). In 1871, Swan substituted cellulose nitrate film for glass plates in photography, and thus pioneered that convenient form of film stock. Taken up by Kodak about 1889, some 18 years after Swan's work. Reverting to the electric light, an early and unrealized problem was the imperfect evacuation of the glass envelopes, and improvements in vacuum pumps in turn, waited upon improvements in vacuum gauge technology.
A rain gauge needs to be positioned out of the shelter of houses and away from trees. Ideally, it should be placed on a post in the middle of a garden, where there are no trees or tall bushes nearby.
Less than you'd think. At extreme distances, the red-shift is caused by metric expansion more than by motion. So to be able to gauge the speed of an object relative to you, you'd first have to determine the pseudo-speed caused by metric expansion.
A pressure gauge measures blow, a vacuum gauges measures suck
A Bourdon Tube or a Bellows gauge
Gauge pressure usually refers to the pressure difference between ambient, atmospheric pressure and the pressure in a vessel or line. A gauge pressure of zero would mean that the vessel or line was at atmospheric pressure. Normally the pressures of interest are ABOVE atmospheric so the gauge pressure is positive. Vacuum gauge pressure measures how far BELOW atmospheric pressure a vessel or line is. As such vacuum gauge pressure may be measured as a negative number - or for convenience it may be reported as a positive number with the caveat that it is "vacuum gauge pressure", meaning that the reported pressure is how far atmospheric pressure is above the pressure in the vessel or line.
You need a vacuum gauge and it is reed in inches.
using master vacuum gauge and master pressure gauge
-14.7psig is the gauge pressure of an absolute vacuum.
absolute pressure is calculated from a vacuum (0 psi) and atmospheric pressure is14.7psia or 14.7 psi above a vacuum 1psi on a tire pressure gauge is called 1psig = 15.7psia 10psig=24.7psia 100psig=114.7psia etc.
Zero (0) gauge pressure equals 14.696 PSI on the absolute scale. A lot of people will round up to 14.7 PSI for simplicity. 14.696 PSI is the pressure that is developed at sea level due to the weight of our atmosphere. The absolute pressure scale is based on zero being a perfect vacuum. Gauge pressure takes into account the atmospheric pressure at sea level (14.696 PSI). A simple conversion formula is PSIG+14.696=PSIA.
On a manifold gauge set, there are two gauges. The gauge encased in red measures pressure on the high pressure (discharge) side. That's the "high side gauge". The other will be incased in blue, and measures vacuum pressure on the low side.
Gauge pressure is what you get when you take the reading from your tire pressure gauge. Absolute pressure is the pressure inside your tires plus the atmospheric pressure, which is roughly; 14.7 psi, 101.3 kPa (kilo-Pascals), or one atmosphere. Absolute pressure measures all of the pressure on your tires, inside and out, whereas gauge simply measures the pressure inside the tire.
You probably have air in the lines or the brake booster is losing vacuum. Have the brakes bleed and have someone put a vacuum gauge on the booster,
Atmospheric pressure is the surrounding pressure around us. We live in the atmosphere and treat the atmospheric pressure as the base pressure. A pressure gauge would read 0 at atmospheric pressure. When we define the pressure in scientific way of absolute pressure, we need to add up an atmospheric pressure to the measured pressure.