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Since salt is an electrolyte, yes, it does cook faster, but it's not that much of a difference.
you fill half a pot with water, let it boil, trow as much pasta as needed, trow salt along with the pasta, (taste to check if ready) then drain the water.
Of course
a plain pasta is when the pasta is boiled only with salt and no sauces will be added in it.
Nothing. The salt you add to pasta adds flavor to the pasta. You'd still have pasta that looks and tastes exactly like pasta, just with less salt in it. There is a misconception that salt reduces the boiling point of water, when in fact the opposite is true.
Adding a little salt to the boiling water gives pasta a little taste or flavor.
Salt is necessary to give flavor to the pasta. As discussed here,http://eat-italian.blogspot.com/2010/03/how-much-salt-for-cooking-pasta.htmlyou need a tea spoon of salt for two cup of water or 1/2 tea spoon for each cup of water
yes.
Adding salt sticking of pasta and dissolution of starch are avoided.
It won't remove anymore salt than a potato would. Use it taste at the end and add salt if needed
yes the salt raises the temperature to boil faster
I don't think you can really remove the salt, but you can make a second batch with no salt and mix them together, or try rinsing the pasta and making more cheese sauce with less salt. Hope that helps.