Merely "taxing" gasoline does nothing to offset carbon dioxide "pollution". It might discourage the use of fossil fuels (and therefore discourage economic prosperity, if that's what you want). But in order to "offset" carbon dioxide emissions, the money thus collected has to be SPENT on something that will somehow REMOVE carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. And I haven't heard of anything that the government plans to spend this money on.
I can do this in metrics. One litre of gasoline (about 1/5 gallon) produces about 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Buses are usually more efficient in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per passenger than cars carrying just one or two passengers.
To obtain the number of grams of CO2 emitted per gallon of gasoline combusted, the heat content of the fuel per gallon is multiplied by the kg CO2 per heat content of the fuel. The average heat content per gallon of gasoline is 0.125 mmbtu/gallon and the average emissions per heat content of gasoline is 71.35 kg CO2/mmbtu.
It depends on the amount driven and the efficiency of the engine. Essentially 85% of the weight of fuel (gasoline or diesel) is carbon so about 750 g of carbon is emitted for each liter burnt.
20 US gallons of gasoline equals about 75.708 liters.
It doesn't reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It reduces the amount of gasoline your car burns because there are more, "miles to the gallon," and therefore reduces the amount of carbon dioxide your car produces.
First, it should be understood that the gallon of gas will not create any carbon. All the carbon due to the gallon of gas is already there, in and part of the gas(oline). It amounts to about 12/14 of the gasoline, so the carbon content of a gallon of gasoline is 12/14 of 6.2 lb (wt of a gallon of gasoline), or about 5.3 lb of carbon. It will still be 5.3 lb of carbon even if you burn it, since matter is not destroyed in a chemical reaction. If the question is how much carbon dioxide, the simplest answer is that there is about 3.2 times as much carbon dioxide produced in burning alkanes (like octane) as the weight of the alkane. A gallon of gas weighs about 6.2 lb and will combine with oxygen to make about 3.2x6.2 or 20 lb of CO2.
The answer is "8.8 kgs or 19.4 pounds of CO2 emissions by burning a gallon of gasoline". The answer and its detailed calculation can be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/420f05001.htm. You can also find the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by burning one gallon of diesel on this same web page.
A gallon of gasoline (roughly 4 kilograms) will produce about 10 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Since ppm are measured in volumes, this is equivalent to about 20 cubic meters of carbon dioxide at STP. As the "given volume of air" is not specified no definite answer can be given except that it is comparison of the available volume to the 20 cubic meters calculated above.
I can do this in metrics. One litre of gasoline (about 1/5 gallon) produces about 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Buses are usually more efficient in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per passenger than cars carrying just one or two passengers.
It depends on the amount driven. Every liter of gasoline burned releases about 2-3 kg of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. That's 16 to 20 lb per gallon for Americans who aren't metrified.
To obtain the number of grams of CO2 emitted per gallon of gasoline combusted, the heat content of the fuel per gallon is multiplied by the kg CO2 per heat content of the fuel. The average heat content per gallon of gasoline is 0.125 mmbtu/gallon and the average emissions per heat content of gasoline is 71.35 kg CO2/mmbtu.
19 pounds
It depends on the amount driven and the efficiency of the engine. Essentially 85% of the weight of fuel (gasoline or diesel) is carbon so about 750 g of carbon is emitted for each liter burnt.
48 pds
1 gallon equals 1 gallon of gasoline.
there is no tax on gasoline
The carbon footprint of a car is primarily its gas use efficiency meaning the number of miles it will travel per gallon of gas. Since all cars, old and new, burn gasoline and produce carbon dioxide to move the car, the more miles you get per gallon translates to fewer gallons of gas used to move the car. This applies to straight gas cars and hybrids (not plug in hybrids) since they all get their primary energy from gasoline.