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In the April 1861 the battle of Fort Sumter led to the Union's surrender of the fort to Confederate forces.
Antietam/Sharpsburg (Maryland)
The Confederates simply underestimated the might of the Union forces. Since the South had to fight a defensive war, they were thwarted by the Union's defensive strategy. In the end, the rebels had to retreat and the fort was captured by Federal regiments.
The Battle of Malvern Hill was one of the last battles of the ill fated Peninsula Campaign. At Malvern Hill, McClellan's artillery caused great damage to Confederate forces. It was a Union victory, however, McClellan, seeing his forces exhausted decided to retreat despite his victory.
the union forces defeated the confederate forces
McClellan seemed convinced that the Southern forces must outnumber his own, given the number of soldiers they committed to each harassment of the Union offensive. Being worried about losing a major battle (and thereby emboldening Rebel attacks on the North), McClellan consistently failed to exploit his opportunities, seeking overwhelming numerical advantage. His retreat down the Virginia Peninsula allowed the new Confederate commander Robert E. Lee to strengthen the defenses of Richmond.
To know that we should all be a nation with slaves and equal state rights. Which caused violence and disagreements. Of COURSE, it caused mainly war!
After Confederate General saw that Shiloh was lost he beat a fast retreat to Corinth Mississippi. Halleck, now commanding a huge force decided that safety was more important than speed. Between logistical problems and his insistence that each day's march would end with an entrenchment, his progress to Corinth was slow indeed, but safe.
The first battle of Bull Run was fought July 21, 1861 near Manassas, Virginia. The union forces called it Bull Run and the Confederate forces called it the battle of Manassas. The battle ended with a union retreat that turned into a rout as confederate forces counter attacked. This was the first land battle of the civil and ended any hopes of a short and decisive war.
In late 1863, Union General Grant used his superior force of 61,000 troops to make a successful assault against Confederate troops near Chattanooga. This success drove the Rebel army south to northern Georgia.
German forces were forced into full retreat
Lee commanded the Confederate forces.