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A: The most basic way is to measure base to emitter front to back resistance, and base to collector as well There should be a high ratio of front (forward bias) to back (reverse bias) resistance, indicating that the junction has function. Most transistors that failafter operation will be short, or open in the BE, BC, or EC junction.
Most multimeters today have a diode test function- use it, and listen for beep, no beep instead of looking at front to back resistance, particularly auto ranging meters. A transistor is two diode where the base is connected to both. first step is finding out if NPN or PNP then connect one lead from base to emitter, then to the collector finally emitter to collector. I might point out that some meters have 9v battery that can harm the junctions during checking. Finally it will tell you good or bad but it will never tell you how good or how bad.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoYes you can. Of the transistor is out of circuit the test is accurate and easy. Let's see if I can explain how to test:
1. Multimeter on the 10K scale or diode check if available.
2. Check the base to emitter resistance in both directions. One way should read higher then the other. Positive on base and negative in emitter if high should read low if resversed.
3. Base to Collector should read similar to the first set.
4. Collector to Emitter should be high in both directions.
5. If you join the base and emitter and test those two for resistance to the collector it should read low.
NPN's read opposite of PNP's
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoyou can't check a transistor out of circuit on a conventional multimeter. Though some older ones did have two places to do just that. More expensive digital meters have component test functions that can check them. Go by Radio Shack/ Tandy, they still might carry something inexpensive to test with.
ANSWER: The only thing can be reliably check is the diode inside connections. PAYING ATTENTION TO POLARITY The test will only tell if bad but not how bad or good but not how good
Wiki User
∙ 11y agounless the multimeter has a built in transistor tester function, all you can do is test with the ohmmeter function the two junctions as diodes (EB & CB) then test the EC leakage. the information from this testing is of very limited value. also some meters have too much voltage on their ohmmeter leads and can blow out the junctions of some transistors, especially EB in reverse bias.
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoAssuming the multimeter has an ohms scale where the induced voltage is in excess of a diode's forward conduction voltage (about 0.7 volts), you can test a BJT by thinking of it as two diodes in series, anode to anode (NPN) or cathode to cathode (PNP).
Start with one lead on the base and check resistance to the collector and emitter. You should see low, but not zero, resistance for both in one direction and high resistance in the other direction. The red meter lead (which in a normal meter will be more positive than the black lead) will be on the base for low ohms if the BJT is NPN, otherwise it is a PNP.
Then check emitter to collector in both directions. You should see high resistance in both directions.
That's about as far as you can go, unless your meter has a BJT test jack, in which case simply plug the BJT in and read the polarity, lead sequencing, and hFe directly.
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoTo find the polarity of a bipolar junction transistor with a multimeter, you need the type of multimeter, in ohms scale, that will induce more than 0.7 volts across the leads. Modern digital voltmeters will not do this unless they have a diode testing mode switch.
To verify this, test an ordinary diode, such as the 1N4148, or 1N914. With the red lead on the anode and the black lead on the cathode, you should see conductivity, with the leads reversed you should see no conductivity.
Now to the transistor.
If you know which pin is the base, put the red lead there, and check the other two pins with the black lead. Reverse with the black lead on the base. If you see conductivity with the red lead on the base, it is NPN. If you see conductivity with the black lead on the base, it is PNP.
If you do not know which pin is the base, pick any pin. Check all six combinations of conductivity. A properly functioning BJT will only have conductivity in two combinations, and the common pin will be the base, with polarity as described above.
Unfortunately, you cannot determine which pin is the collector or emitter with this technique. Some modern digital multimeters, however, can do this, having a transistor check mode, and will actually identify polarity, pin sequence, and hFe.
Wiki User
∙ 10y agoa BJT may be tested as two diodes using the ohms scale. a FET cannot be tested with just a multimeter.
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code] //***********************************************************************// //***********************************************************************// //******COMPUTERISED BANKING SYSTEM BY ****// //Declaration of header files #include <iostream.h> #include <fstream.h> #include <process.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <conio.h> #include <dos.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <iomanip.h> #include <graphics.h> typedef char option[15]; const int ROW = 10,COL = 10; int scan; // To hold the special characters for moving the prompt in menu int ascii; // To display the main menu options option a[]= { "NewAccount", "ListofAccounts", "IndAccount", "DailyTrans", "MonthlyReport", "EditAccount", "Exit"}; // Displays the modify menu options option b[] = { "Modify Account", "Closeaccount", "Quit" }; // Function used to do screening class main_menu { int i,done; public: void normalvideo(int x,int y,char *str); void reversevideo(int x,int y,char *str); void box(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2); char menu(); void control_menu(); char e_menu(); void edit_menu(); void help(void); }; /* Class member functions for drawing boxes */ class shape { public: void line_hor(int, int, int, char); void line_ver(int, int, int, char); void box(int, int, int, int, char); }; // Class contains the initial deposit of customers class initial { public: void add_to_file(int, char t_name[30], char t_address[30], float); // For initial deposits in customers account void display_list(void); // Displaying customers account list void delete_account(int); // Deleting customers account void update_balance(int, char t_name[30], char t_address[30], float); // For updating the customer account void modify(void); // To modify the customer account information int last_accno(void); // To know the last account number int found_account(int); // To found the account is in "INITIAL.dat" or not char *return_name(int); // Function for validation entry of customer name char *return_address(int); // Function for validation entry of customer address float give_balance(int); // To print the balance amount of a particular customer int recordno(int); void display(int); // To display the customer account private: void modify_account(int, char t_name[30], char t_address[30]); // Function to modify the customer account int accno; char name[30], address[30]; float balance; }; // Class contains the customers daily transaction entry class account { public: void new_account(void); // Function to create a new account void close_account(void); // Function to close an account void display_account(void); // Function to display the accounts void transaction(void); // To display the transaction process void clear(int, int); // Function to perform a clear screen function void month_report(void); // Function to list monthWise transaction report private: void add_to_file(int, int, int, int, char, char t_type[10], float, float, float); // Function to add transaction records void delete_account(int); // Function to delete a transaction record int no_of_days(int, int, int, int, int, int); // Function to find the total days float calculate_interest(int, float); // Function for calculating interest of anaccount void display(int); // Function to display a transaction account void box_for_display(int); // Function for displaying box int accno; char type[10]; // Account type as Cheque or Cash int dd, mm, yy; // To store the system date/ Enter date char tran; // As the account type is Deposit or Withdraw float interest, amount, balance; }; // Function to displays all the menu prompt messages from the pointer array of option a[] void main_menu::normalvideo(int x,int y,char *str) { gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("%s",str); } // Function to move the cursor on the menu prompt with a reverse video color void main_menu::reversevideo(int x,int y,char *str) { textcolor(5+143); textbackground(WHITE); gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("%s",str); textcolor(GREEN); textbackground(BLACK); } void main_menu::box(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2) { for(int col=x1;col<x2;col++) { gotoxy(col,y1); cprintf("%c",196); gotoxy(col,y2); cprintf("%c",196); } for(int row=y1;row<y2;row++) { gotoxy(x1,row); cprintf("%c",179); gotoxy(x2,row); cprintf("%c",179); } gotoxy(x1,y1); cprintf("%c",218); gotoxy(x1,y2); cprintf("%c",192); gotoxy(x2,y1); cprintf("%c",191); gotoxy(x2,y2); cprintf("%c",217); } char main_menu::menu() { clrscr(); textcolor(22); box(20, 6, 65, 20); box(18, 4, 67, 22); textcolor(5+143); gotoxy(36, 5); textbackground(BLUE); cprintf("B A N K I N G"); textbackground(BLACK); textcolor(22); for(i = 1; i < 7; i++) normalvideo(32, i+10, a[i]); reversevideo(32, 10, a[0]); i = done = 0; _setcursortype(_NOCURSOR); do { int key = getch(); switch (key) { case 00: key = getch(); switch (key) { case 72: normalvideo(32, i+10, a[i]); i--; if (i '0') return; if (strlen(t_address) > 25) {<br
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