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The two are not comparable. The senate was not an elected body. During the period of the Roman Republic (509-27 BC) it was composed of patricians (aristocrats) and former executive officers of state. It was not a legislative body either. In the Early Republic, bills were proposed by the consuls (the two annually elected heads of the Republic) and were voted on by the soldiers gathered in the Assembly of the Soldiers. Later in the Republic the plebeian tribunes (the representatives of the plebeians, the commoners) became the proposers of bills and the Plebeian Council (the assembly of the commoners) became the legislative body. There were five types of executive officers of state who were all elected. They acted independently within the remit of their office. There was not a centralised executive, like a cabinet or an administration.

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Q: How was Ancient Roman government similar to today's US government?
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