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How was cuneiform decoded?

Updated: 4/29/2024
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12y ago

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Henry Rawlinson, Deciphered Cuneiform > Website

Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, 1st Baronet GCB was an English soldier, diplomat and orientalist. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Assyriology." Knowledge of cuneiform was lost until 1835 when Henry Rawlinson, a British East India Company army officer, found the Behistun inscriptions in Persia. Carved in the reign of King Darius of Persia (522 BC-486 BC), they consisted of identical texts in the three official languages of the empire: Old Persian, Babylonian, and Elamite. The Behistun inscription was to the decipherment of cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone was to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

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1w ago

Cuneiform was decoded by scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries through the discovery of the Behistun Inscription by Henry Rawlinson, which contained multiple languages including Old Persian. By comparing these known languages with the cuneiform script, scholars were able to make significant progress in deciphering the script and understanding the languages of ancient Mesopotamia.

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