The story goes that in old muzzle loading guns, there would be a build up of gunpowder residue. Gun designers cut grooves in the barrel as a place for this residue to go without interfering with shooting. Someone made a spiral groove in a barrel, and noticed an increase in accuracy.
Rifling was invented in the late 15th century. It was improved by August Kotter of Nuremberg in 1520 and by others later. There is a link below.
According to Wikipedia, rifling was invented in the late 15th century by one Jaspard Zoller in Vienna and improved by August Kotter in Nuremberg. This statement was not given any reference supporting it. I had read in several places over the years that rifling was invented somewhere in Switzerland during the 15th century, but it was not known who the inventor was.
AnswerAugust Kotter invented the rifle in 1520. The 16th century.
The rifling is there to spin the bullet, which gives greater accuracy.
The first known gun is dated back to 1326. However the first mechanical firing devices weren't invented till 1424 and rifling wasn't invented until 1498.
No rifling.
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There is a lot less resistance with the polygonal rifling. More over, if the polygonal rifling is chrome lined, the walls of the barrel are completely slick and offer less resistance. The projectile, the bullet, goes way faster. IDPA estimation here in the US are 10-30% faster.
When rifled, the rifling tool cuts the GROOVES. Material left between the grooves is the LANDS.
The rifling in a firearm is designed to cause the project (bullet) to spin, increase stability and accuracy.
Direction of spin is dependent on the direction of the rifling on the inside bore of the barrel. A bullet will spin the same direction as the rifling.
The barrels of Glock pistols use a different style of rifling, known as polygonal rifling. When shooting cast bullets, this rifling will get smeared with lead (known as "leading up"), and the pistol becomes unsafe to shoot.