Trademarks are used to distinguish one business firm's products from another. Their symbols may be a word or words, name, design, picture, or sound. Trademark rights have an indefinite life, as long as they are being used.
Trademarks may optionally be registered in one or more states or with the federal government, provided they are suitable and distinctive within their field.
The company that uses the trademark SuperDrive is the Apple company. Apple uses the SuperDrive trademark to describe components in products such as its iPhone.
Branding
caca
The word "ketchup" is not a trademark when used to describe and/or refer to the condiment made of pureed tomatoes, onions, sugar, spices, etc. A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs that identifies goods and services and distinguishes it from others' goods and services, and indicates the source of goods. The word "ketchup" could be used a trademark if it is not used in its normal descriptive sense. For example, if I used the term "KETCHUP" to refer to a brand of shoes sold by my company. Such use of the term "ketchup" would be in a trademark sense, as it is not descriptive of the goods I am selling, and therefore would constitute a trademark.
No
Rather than trademark a business, you would trademark its marks used in trade: name, logo, slogan, etc.
You would contact the trademark issuer in your country for the applicable forms and fees.
Trademark because it has the "r" with the circle after the title, which means it is federally registered as a trademark. If it was copyrigh, it would have the "c" with the circle.
If you have a photograph of an iPhone, there is copyright on the photo itself, belonging to the photographer unless other arrangements were made. If the phone is on, each visible icon would be protected by trademark, but most common uses of the photograph would not infringe the trademark. The name iPhone is protected by trademark, but most common uses of it, for example in this question and answer, would not infringe the trademark.
It would more likely be a trademark, but there is no record for it in USPTO's Trademark Electronic Search System.
It would be fraud to make such a claim. Only the owner of the trademark can make such a claim.
You would be more likely to want to trademark it. See below for current US trademark fees.