If the crank has 48 and the sprocket 12 then 48/12=4. The wheel will turn 4 times for each turn of the crank.
20 rpm
It's the small toothed wheel that the chain runs over by the rear wheel, although in engineering terms it is any toothed wheel designed for a chain, including the one rotated by the pedal and crank on a bicycle.
Chain is on the smallest sprocket on the crank and on the largest sprocket on the rear wheel
A sprocket is another name for a toothed wheel that meshes with the chain.
320 rpm.
The wheels and axles of course, the pedals, the crank.
The more teeth you have on the chainring(by the pedals) when compared to the sprocket(on the rear wheel, the more the rear wheel will turn for each turn of the cranks.
lever at crank, connected by chain to lever at rear wheel
On a bike there's one(or more) front sprocket(s) by the pedals connected by a chain to one(or more) rear sprocket(s) by the rear wheel. As the wheel isn't driven directly by the pedals, and there's usually a difference in size between the front & rear sprocket this constitutes a gear.
There are a lot of machines in the world that contain a wheel and axle such as wheel chairs, a bicycle sprocket,compound bows,gears,drill,sharpener and plenty others.
Loosen rear wheel axle nuts on both sides, slide wheel slightly forward. Set chain in place on chainwheel and sprocket. Slide wheel towards the back until chain is decently tight. Check wheel alignment, If OK, crank down on axle nuts. Check alignment again. If OK - Go ride.
Depends on if you're looking at the wheel or if you're looking at the pedals. 1st gear, the one where pedalling is easiest, is the biggest sprocket at the rear, and the smallest chainwheel at the front.