yes you do! :D
It depends on the style guide you are following. In American English, the comma before "and" in a list is known as the Oxford comma, and it's optional. In British English, the Oxford comma is typically not used. It's essential to be consistent in your use of the Oxford comma throughout your writing.
Before. If you are listing three or more things in a sentence, there are two ways to use commas. The most well known way is to not use a comma. Ex: Paul likes fishing, swimming and sailing. If you use a comma, place it before "and." Ex: Paul likes fishing, swimming, and sailing. This is called using an "Oxford comma."
No. The placement of commas has more to do with the flow of the sentence; there are no unbreakable rules for placing commas before or after certain words. Even placing a comma before the word and is correct under certain circumstances.
Not necessarily. There is no word or phrase in English that requires a comma.
Not necessarily. Commas are features of sentences, not of words or phrases.
A comma may go before or after, or not be there at all. The placement of commas is entirely a matter of sentence structure. There is no word in English that requires a comma.
a comma sandwich is something that has 2 commas in.
grammatical commas are something that is used with phrases
Commas should be used after the first term, stopping at the "and" of the last term, if you don't use oxford commas. For example: There was a dog, cat, bird, fish and monkey. If you do use oxford commas, the comma goes before the and, as well: There was a dog, cat, bird, fish, and monkey. You never use the comma before the last term.
Before. If you are listing three or more things in a sentence, there are two ways to use commas. The most well known way is to not use a comma. Ex: Paul likes fishing, swimming and sailing. If you use a comma, place it before "and." Ex: Paul likes fishing, swimming, and sailing. This is called using an "Oxford comma."
Not necessarily. Commas are a feature of sentence structure. There is no word or phrase in English that requires a comma.
No. The placement of commas has more to do with the flow of the sentence; there are no unbreakable rules for placing commas before or after certain words. Even placing a comma before the word and is correct under certain circumstances.
In the U.S., "e.g." almost always needs a comma before and after. (According to the Chicago Manual of Style and others.) Usually when we say, "for example," before listing examples, we offset "for example" by commas. An abbreviation meaning the same thing is no different. But I understand that in the U.K. they often leave out the comma. I can't verify that.
Not necessarily. Commas are a feature of sentence structure.
No. Boys and girls agree that commas are not needed after every 'and'.
You generally use a comma before "and" only if it is separating two independent clauses in a sentence. Otherwise, you most often do not need a comma before or after "and" when it is used to connect items in a list or to join words or phrases in a sentence.
Not necessarily. Commas are features of sentences, not of words or phrases.
Not necessarily. There is no word or phrase in English that requires a comma.