0
If you had entered a joint venture with a foreign company but knew that women were not treated fairly in that culture would you consider sending a female expatriate to handle the start-up Why or why n?
Wiki User
∙ 7y agoWant this question answered?
Be notified when an answer is posted
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What are the three steps in the process?
First, you have to die. Once you have been dead at least 5 years a causefor sainthood can be opened. The local bishop or other religious leaderwill assign someone to collect all sorts of documents and conductinterviews about the life of the candidate. Once they have all theinformation, the file will be sent to the Sacred Congregation for thecauses of Saints in Rome. They will study the file and, if it seems theperson exhibited some form of heroic virtue, that person will be declareda Servant of God and an official Cause for Sainthood will be opened.More investigations and interviews will be conducted and if the personpasses all favorably, they will be named as Venerable.Next, more investigations and at least one miracle must be confirmed andverified due to the intercession of the candidate. If all goes well, thecandidate will then be Beatified by the Pope and receive the title ofBlessed. Mother Teresa of Calcutta is at this stage right now.In the final stage, more investigations and at least one more miracle mustbe verified. Once all that has been done, the file is turned over to thepope who will make the final decision. It will be up to the pope todeclare a person a saint and then arrangements are made for the officialcanonization ceremonies.This process can take many years, even centuries.Of course, the person became a saint the moment they entered heaven. TheChurch just needs to investigate to make sure the candidate is worthy ofemulation and makes a good role model for future generations.
History of project management?
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is regarded as the father of scientific management who sort to improve industrial efficiency. Frederick was followed by Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) who is considered the father of planning and control techniques. His Gantt Charts were used on projects such as the Hoover Dam and US Interstate Highway System. Up until the 1950's, projects were managed on a rather informal and ad hoc manner. It wasn't until the advent of the Polaris Missile Submarine Programme (1950's) that mathematical models were developed (e.g. PERT by Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Critical Path Method by the DuPont Corporation and Remington Rand Corporation). These techniques were evolved by the American Association of Cost Engineers (AACE). Active participation by the US DoD saw the introduction of earned value in the 1960's, however it has only really started to be used after 2000 when the methods of recording data to feed the methodology began to be implemented by companies. 1969 is another key milestone with the formation of the Project Management Institute (PMI) that was created to serve the interests of the PM industry. 1972 saw the formation of the Association of Project Managers (APM), a registered UK Charity committed to developing project and programme management. 1981 saw the start of the creation of the PM Body of Knowledge Guide. Microsoft entered the arena around 1984 with the first commercial version of Microsoft Project, however it wasn't until the 1995 (after several iterations) that it became the common office PM software for PMs. 1989 saw the launch of PRINCE (PRojects IN controlled Environments) a structure methodology for UK public projects by the UK CCTA, followed by a release of PRINCE2 in 1996. 2007 saw the launch of the APM plan to achieve Chartered Status for the PM profession in the UK.
What are the common features available in project management software packages?
Before knowing the practical use of project management software, weshould study some of the common features available in most of the projectmanagement software. An attempt is made to present an overview ofgeneric features associated with various project management softwarepackages available today. These generic features include:l Data entry featureso Project data and calendar: A project start date is specified.A calendar can be used to define the working days and hours foreach individual resource on a project. The calendar is used incalculating the schedule for the project. Most systems provide adefault for the standard working period, such as Monday to Fridayfrom 8:00 AM to 5:00 AM, with an hour for lunch. The calendar canbe modified for each resource.§ For example, work hours can be modified, company holidays canbe entered as non-working days, and various shifts can beentered.o Human resources: Suppose a particular activity needs 2 unskilledperson and 1 skilled person to complete the task. These tworesources may be entered separately and will appear as 2L and 1Son activity description in network.Project Management Unit 14Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 315Table 14.1: Types of Resources and Amount AvailableType of resource Amount of resourceavailable (No.)PeriodFrom ToSkilled person 10Unskilled person 100o Labour cost: One of the many ways to specify labour cost is as,§ Skilled worker -- $ 2.0§ Unskilled worker -- $1.2o Human resources available: All software requires periods andamount of resources that are available for the project.o Cost of construction materials: Materials needed for each taskand their estimated costs for the project may be as given below:Table 14.2: Materials needed and Estimated cost is tobe Entered Against each ActivityActivity ID ActivityDescriptionType of Materials Estimated Cost ($)001 A Wood 200002 B Pipe 300... ... ... ...00n N Flooring compound 500o Activity identifier: Each activity of the project is assigned a code oridentifier.o Activity description: Each activity has a description. The number ofcharacters should be within the number of characters specified bythe software for the activity name field.o Precedence relationship: There are various options to show thelinkage between two consecutive activities in a network. Onecommon option is Finish-Start type. It means that the succeedingactivity can start only if all preceding activities to it have beencompleted. This option (Finish-Start type) is the default option in allproject management software today for linking two activities.Figure 14.1 depicts the various options for linking activities. Theseare quite useful in reflecting the real-world situation in network.Project Management Unit 14Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 316S F S FA B[t ](a) Finish to start: Activity B starts t units of time later than finish ofactivity A.S F S FA B[t ](b) Start to start: Activity B starts t units of time later than start ofactivity A.SF S FAB[t](c) Finish-to-Finish: Activity B finishes t units later than the finish ofactivitySF S FAB[t ](d) Start to Finish: Activity B finishes t units later than start of activity A.S -- Start, F -- FinishFig. 14.1: Various Options to Link Activitieso Data entry error: All good management software contains errordetection routines that identify and reports errors. However, there arecertain errors which cannot be detected by software. These include:§ An incorrect activity duration§ An incorrect activity nameProject Management Unit 14Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 317§ An Incorrect precedence logic§ An Incorrect cost data§ A wrong resource enteredThese errors have to be corrected manually by listing of the activityrecords.ActivityList example of some commercially used project managementsoftware and their characteristics?l Graphics: For a project involving a large number of activities,drawing a correct network, manually takes a lot of time and effort.One of the important features of PM software is its ability to generatea variety of charts including network diagram, activity-linked Ganttchart, and Gantt chart quickly. Further, changes in base line plan arequite easy.l Time analysis: If there is unlimited and flexible resource or if resourcecan be outsourced, the network may be prepared at the earliest starttime of activities. In the real world, many projects are managed on thisbasis.PM packages carry out time analysis which includes calculation of earlystart, early finish, late start, and late finish; free slack and total slack withease. Manually carrying out time analysis is tedious.l Resources scheduling: Resources scheduling problems are of twotypes:o Resource leveling where unlimited and flexible resources areavailableo Resource allocation problem where resources are limitedIn resource leveling, activities are scheduled to minimise the variation inlevel of resource deployment.Resource allocation problem is concerned with scheduling activities insuch a way so as to find the shortest project schedule.The project management software uses heuristics to solve both types ofproblems. For a moderate size problem involving 100 activities, itbecomes extremely difficult to carry on resource scheduling. PMsoftware is an invaluable tool to deal with this problem.Project Management Unit 14Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 318l Output reports: Most PM software packages have extensive reportgeneration capabilities. They can generate a range of reports invarious forms (graphical, tabular, or textual). The reports arestandard or customised.The content of each report for a recipient is based on a "need-to-knowbasis" and is presented in a particular order. These requirements aremet by two features of the software namely, filtering (editing) andsorting.Filtering enables the user to select only certain data that meet somespecified criteria. Sorting, on the other hand, allows the user to viewinformation in a desired order such as pay rates from highest to lowestor in alphabetical order. Most software allows multiple level of sorting(for example, by year and then by dates).Among the reports generated by the software include:l Project schedule: Network (based on AON systems), linked Ganttchart, Gantt charto Work-to listl Cost related report: Budgeted vs. actual cost (daily and cumulative)o Resources utilisation reportl Progress report: Overall project, milestone chart, critical patho Chart showing responsibility of department/function to carry outparticular activitieso Progress summary reportl Updating: Updating is the process of producing a fresh set ofschedule and other reports to take account of one or more of thefollowing:o A change to the project parameter, an unexpected increase ordecrease in the resource available, changed cost rate, or newtarget dates.o A change in network logic due to change in project scope, designchange, etc.o To have a new schedule that take into account the progressmade to date.Project Management Unit 14Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 319l Importing/exporting: The process of bringing information into the PMsoftware from other application such as word processing, spread sheet,etc is called importing. Similarly, sending information from PM softwareto other application is called exporting.The exporting and importing obviates typing/data entry effort andeliminates the possibility of associated error.l Project monitoring and tracking: Tracking the progress aboutschedule and cost is an important aspect of project management. MostPM software packages permit the users to define a baseline plan andcompare the actual progress with respect to those in the baseline plan.l What if analysis: This is a useful feature of PM software. This permitsto know the effect of changes in project variable (people, cost, andchange in scope) on project objective. This analysis helps the projectmanager in taking an appropriate decision.
Do you believe that IT drives business or that business drives IT?
It is clearly a question of both. In the business sector, back in the beginning, IT was created as a tool to reduce the administrative burden on companies and thereby drive forward business efficiency. As in the education sector (where I work), where one can find and speak to - indeed, learn from - the teachers who first walked into school with computers under their arm - there was a singular purpose in both cases. In healthcare this nut is a little harder to crack, but it comes down once again to allowing an organisation (of whatever nature) to better achieve its aims through the use of technology. However, as IT has grown and developed, the issues framing this question have become more complex; IT has become more and more intertwined with core organisational processes. In brief, I would say that "IT" should nowadays appear on the same list of core organisational resources and priorities that includes the money, the buildings and the staff. After all, many organisations now depend upon their IT to carry out their financial and personnel management - and (only recently in education), with an increasing focus on, for example, "cashless catering", or security doors that tie back into a computer database of registered ID cards, the same dependencies are now forming in terms of site management as well. Accordingly, where you have a single entity that must facilitate - or entirely enable - so many others, it develops the need for its own standards and its own lines of authority, as long as these do not conflict with the overall vision for organisational development defined by senior managers. Ultimately, IT is like the law; yes, it was created in the common interest, but just as often it will be telling you what you can't do - and for a good reason. Accept this and move on. Does business drive IT? Yes. IT (in industry) would have no role without the core elements of business that it underpins. Does IT drive business? Yes. Just as the requirements for an IT system will be shaped and moulded by its host organisation's requirements, it is also the case that, sometimes, where the organisation ends up going in terms of the strategies that it develops and implements can be "driven" by technology. Many times I have approached senior management with a technological solution to a problem they didn't know they had. Such problems can be identified, addressed and ultimately remedied by means of technology. Sometimes a requirement is formulated at a senior management level and presented to the technical experts for a solution; at other times, it is the technologist who comes to leadership with an entirely separate proposal. If they are as integrated within the organisation as they ought to be, they will conceive such things by themselves in addition to (N.B. not in competition with) the requirements that senior leaders set out. In respect of IT, we have all seen the ups and downs of this technology. Now moving forward, what this world needs to realise is that: a) Supporting is also doing; b) IT is now critical as its own entity and should not be evaluated solely in the context of other areas of work; c) If you approach your technologists by sharing in the simple love of technology that they felt when they entered IT in the first place, while at the same time showing them ways to see how they can apply their work in context, you will get the best out of them; d) Balance is necessary in all things. On that note, then, there is my answer. Business bore IT in the first place but now depends upon it. IT cannot exist without a common purpose (lest we forget!), but contributes just as much to probing the limits of this purpose as other areas of the organisation. They both "drive" each other, and the organisation that recognises and promotes this will do well.
What is grammatically correct - my company has entered into or my company have entered into?
My company has entered into.....
What is self reference criterion?
SRC- the unconcious reference to one's own culture values in comparison to other culture SRC-if we talk about in basic terms then SRC means to forget about self like if a company is going to some another country then the going company will have to take care about the culture etc of the host country and will have to forget about our culture like McDonalds when entered India they sold product aloo tikki burger inspite of their beef burger.
What is self reference?
SRC- the unconcious reference to one's own culture values in comparison to other culture SRC-if we talk about in basic terms then SRC means to forget about self like if a company is going to some Another Country then the going company will have to take care about the culture etc of the host country and will have to forget about our culture like McDonalds when entered India they sold product aloo tikki burger inspite of their beef burger.
How has Hinduism entered western culture?
Hinduism is eternal, hindus are entering.
When did slavery start in Texas?
Slavery was part of Texas culture before it entered the Union.
What do you call the people who entered the company with you at the same time?
Coworkers.
How much does it cost to fly to Sri Lanka?
That would depend upon which country you are arriving from. I entered from the US without payent of visa on arrival.
Which Internet Company recently entered the wireless spectrum race?
What would happen if a single cell pathogen entered a culture dish?
The pathogen would multiply in the dish.
Why did people consider Donald Trump an outsider?
He entered the presidential race with absolutely no previous political experience.
Pantaloon Retail India entered into a joint venture with which company of US?
staples
What major acquisition did Gregg Engles make?
After the acquisition of Dean Foods Company, Engles and the company entered a new phase.
