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These types of lights are known as series connected. The same current flows through all of the bulbs in the circuit. If one of the bulb filaments burns open then all of the lamps will go out.

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Q: In one type of Christmas tree lights all bulbs go out when one is defective explain why?
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These are old generation lights. They are connected in series with each other. This means if one of the filaments in any one of the bulbs opens the circuit current flow stops. For example if each bulb is rated at 2 volts each then a string of 60 bulbs can be on a 120 volt circuit. lamps connected in series, because each bulbs filament resistance is the same, will will drop a voltage across each bulb by the total number of bulbs in the string divided into the supply source voltage. 120 volts / 60 bulbs = 2 volts per bulb.Newer sets of lights have a have a spring mounted in each lamp. When any lamp filament opens a spring is released and shorts out the two wires where the filament was. This allows the string of lights to remain operable. This has a drawback in that as more lights burn out the voltage becomes higher across the other bulbs. Eventually the bulbs will start burning out faster and faster as the voltage across each bulb becomes higher and higher. Use the equation above to see this fact.Christmas string lights today use LED bulbs which last many times longer than an incandescent bulb in the string set.


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