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In the use-dilution test a chemical is evaluated by its ability to kill 10 6 to 10 8 dried Clostridium sporogenes or Bacillus subtilis endospores Why is this considered a stringent test?
IsaacMentongp8648
A measure of determining the effectiveness of a disinfectant using serial dilutions.
definition found in intro to microbiology by Tortora, Funke, and Case.
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Is clostridium sporogenes motile?
Yes
What are the O2 requirements for C Sporogenes?
Studies indicate (Institute of Food Science, Cornell University, etc) that C. sporogenes is effected more by temp and pH than by CO2 or O2. I generally incubate C. sporogenes (tubes) @ 35(plus or minus 2 degree)degree C with caps closed to decrease the available oxygen.
What are the charactrisicsof Lactobacillus sporogenes?
spore forming and L+ LACTIC ACID FORMING BACTERIA.
Is clostridium sporogenes motile?
Yes
Differentiating between bacillus cereus and clostridium sporogenes?
The easiest way to distinguish one from the other is by performing an amylase test. Bacillus cereus will test positive by displaying a clear zone around the bacteria. Clostridium sporogenes will test negative because it does not produce the exoenzyme amylase. Another way is by performing a catalase test. Bacillus will test positive because it's an aerobe and Clostridium will test negative because it's anaerobic.
What is sporogenes?
Genes of a spores of an organism.e.g. L. sporogenes* is effective in the form of dietary supplements as well as when added to food products
Account for the fact that the c sporogenes showed a separation within the medium from the bottom of the test tube?
Account for the fact of C. sporogenes culture showed a separation within the medium or an elevation of the medium from the bottom of the test tube because the C. sporogenes cause gap which cause the medium to move up. C. sporogenes are motile and it is a facultative anaerobes so it can grow throughout.
Do bacteria have good uses?
Some bacteria digest oil spills or plastic. Geobacter bacteria coats uranium and prevents it from contaminating ground water. Some bacteria digests paper and makes a fuel called butanol. Clostridium sporogenes, another bacteria, is being used to kill cancer tumors.
What are the O2 requirements for C Sporogenes?
Studies indicate (Institute of Food Science, Cornell University, etc) that C. sporogenes is effected more by temp and pH than by CO2 or O2. I generally incubate C. sporogenes (tubes) @ 35(plus or minus 2 degree)degree C with caps closed to decrease the available oxygen.
What are the charactrisicsof Lactobacillus sporogenes?
spore forming and L+ LACTIC ACID FORMING BACTERIA.
Chili pepper is it a antibiotic?
The antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (Capsicum species) and their uses in Mayan medicine. Cichewicz RH, Thorpe PA. Source Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens 45701, USA. Abstract A survey of the Mayan pharmacopoeia revealed that tissues of Capsicum species (Solanaceae) are included in a number of herbal remedies for a variety of ailments of probable microbial origin. Using a filter disk assay, plain and heated aqueous extracts from fresh Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinese, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum pubescens varieties were tested for their antimicrobial effects with fifteen bacterial species and one yeast species. Two pungent compounds found in Capsicum species (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) were also tested for their anti-microbial effects. The plain and heated extracts were found to exhibit varying degrees of inhibition against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tetani, and Streptococcus pyogenes.PMID:8735449[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Note by an editor One should consider that this was an in vitro, not an in vivo study. I.e. this paper does *not* provide any evidence that eating chili instead of antibiotics will alleviate a bacterial sickness, but only references anecdotal usage by the Mayas. The study itself rather provides evidence, that you could use it as an anti-infectant. Summarized: Better not rely on it, except in emergencies.
What is thioglycolate broth?
Thioglycolate (thio) broth contains Sodium thioglycolate, a reducing agent that creates anaerobic conditions when it reduces molecular oxygen to water. Dyes such as resazurin or methylene blue are usually added to the broth to provide a visual indication of the presence of oxygen. Resazurin is pink when oxidized and colorless when reduced. Methylene blue is blue when oxidized and colorless when reduced. The pink band near the top of the broth results when oxygen diffuses in. Strict aerobes will grow only in the pink band, microaerophiles will grow near the bottom of the band where the concentration of oxygen is lower. The absence of pink in the rest of the tube indicates the absence of oxygen and a suitable environment for strict anaerobes. Both facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant anaerobes will grow throughout the tube; however, facultative anaerobes will grow most densely where oxygen is present. Other constituents:L-Cysteine Yeast Extract Glucose Agar(may be or not) Peptone Distilled Water. *The use of thioglycolate broth permits growth of anaerobic bacteria. In addition, growth patterns can help distinguish aerotolerance of bacteria. E.g., Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium perfringens. PROCEDURE Step 1. Label 2 Blood Agar plates, one plate will be titled "Aerobic" and the other titled"Anaerobic". Step 2. Using your inoculating loop, streak each plate with Clostridium perfringens. Step 3. Place the anaerobic Blood Agar plate in a Bio-Bag or Gas Pac Jar. The instructor will demonstrate proper set up of the environmental chamber. Step 4. Incubate both plates at 37C for 24-48 hours. Step 5. Obtain Three Thioglycolate Broth tubes -DO NOT SHAKE THESE TUBES!. Gently label each Thioglycolate Broth with one of the assigned species being careful not to tip the tube horizontally . Step 6. Using your inoculating loop, inoculate each Thioglycolate Broth with it's assigned species. Step 7. Incubate the Thioglycolate Broth at 37C for 24-48 hours. Note: Procedure taken fromhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol208/Lab_Manual/208%20week%2011.pdf.Dr.Ank
What is thioglycolate?
Thioglycolate (thio) broth contains Sodium thioglycolate, a reducing agent that creates anaerobic conditions when it reduces molecular oxygen to water. Dyes such as resazurin or methylene blue are usually added to the broth to provide a visual indication of the presence of oxygen. Resazurin is pink when oxidized and colorless when reduced. Methylene blue is blue when oxidized and colorless when reduced. The pink band near the top of the broth results when oxygen diffuses in. Strict aerobes will grow only in the pink band, microaerophiles will grow near the bottom of the band where the concentration of oxygen is lower. The absence of pink in the rest of the tube indicates the absence of oxygen and a suitable environment for strict anaerobes. Both facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant anaerobes will grow throughout the tube; however, facultative anaerobes will grow most densely where oxygen is present. Other constituents:L-Cysteine Yeast Extract Glucose Agar(may be or not) Peptone Distilled Water. *The use of thioglycolate broth permits growth of anaerobic bacteria. In addition, growth patterns can help distinguish aerotolerance of bacteria. E.g., Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium perfringens. PROCEDURE Step 1. Label 2 Blood Agar plates, one plate will be titled "Aerobic" and the other titled"Anaerobic". Step 2. Using your inoculating loop, streak each plate with Clostridium perfringens. Step 3. Place the anaerobic Blood Agar plate in a Bio-Bag or Gas Pac Jar. The instructor will demonstrate proper set up of the environmental chamber. Step 4. Incubate both plates at 37C for 24-48 hours. Step 5. Obtain Three Thioglycolate Broth tubes -DO NOT SHAKE THESE TUBES!. Gently label each Thioglycolate Broth with one of the assigned species being careful not to tip the tube horizontally . Step 6. Using your inoculating loop, inoculate each Thioglycolate Broth with it's assigned species. Step 7. Incubate the Thioglycolate Broth at 37C for 24-48 hours. Note: Procedure taken fromhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol208/Lab_Manual/208%20week%2011.pdf.Dr.Ank
What are the ingredients in Brewer's anaerobic agar that remove O2 form the medium?
Oxygen reacts with the molecule sodium thioglycollate. If this is in a broth, the broth will end up having a gradient of available oxygen in it, with lower and lower levels of oxygen the farther down you go to the bottom. As for the brewer's agar, the sodium thioglycollate isn't enough to reduce oxygen levels to a low enough percentage to allow species like Closteridium sporogenes (for example) to grow. These plates must be kept in an airtight chamber with all oxygen somehow removed from it (most commonly a gas pack system that captures oxygen from the air). Hope this helps.
