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Cardiovascular changes:

· Heart rate increases partly due to demand of the exercise plus partly due to the anticipation of exercise (cause: adrenaline associated with the anticipation of physical exercise think of standing at the blocks before a 100m race)

Respiratory response

· Increased breathing rate

· Increase in tidal volume

· Pulmonary ventilation therefore increases

· Intercostal muscles

· Valsalva manoeuvre

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Q: Initial responses of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to exercise?
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