altimeter
An instrument for measuring relative humidity.
Distance. Absolute magnitude is a measure of the intrinsic brightness of a star, independent of its distance from Earth.
It is the distance of the extension of what your eyes can see. If the earth wasn't formed, there can be no possibility of measuring distances to or from it.
An AU is much larger than any distance on Earth. Earth's equatorial circumference is about 0.00027 . So measuring distances on Earth in AU would be like measuring the sizes of small animals in miles.
There can be no sensible answer. "mph" is a unit for measuring speed or velocity, not distance.
Globe
No. Level flight for an aircraft is not flight in a straight line (vertically) but one that follows the curvature of the earth. It is an arc that maintains the same altitude.
The instrument used to measure Earth's circumference is called a theodolite. It is a precision instrument that measures horizontal and vertical angles. By measuring angles between points on Earth's surface, scientists can calculate the size of Earth.
The compass is part of the HUD display in the Google Earth Flight Simulator. HUD instrument display can be toggled on/off by pressing 'H' key.
The farthest country on Earth from a specific location depends on where you are measuring from. If you are measuring distance based on the opposite points on Earth's surface, the farthest country could be either New Zealand or countries in Southern South America like Argentina or Chile.
An Astronomical Unit is the distance between Earth and the Sun and is used as a measurement unit for measuring the distances of other objects from Earth.
The average distance from the Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers. This distance can be calculated by measuring the straight line distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon. The formula to calculate this is often derived from the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, taking into account the radius of the Earth and the distance between the Earth and the Moon as the other two sides of a right-angled triangle.