Gallium (Ga) can have a valence of +3, +2 or +1.
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state (apex)
Zinc is in oxidation state +2 and oxygen in oxidation state -2. Zinc Oxide itself has not net charge/oxidation state.
The oxidation state of one atom increases while another decreases.
The most common oxidation state for chlorine is 1- (negative one).
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state
The oxidation state of a metal is indicated in the name of a compound if and when that metal has more than one oxidation states. The oxidation state is then indicated by a Roman numeral placed in parenthesis next to the metal (Stock System).
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state (apex)
They are used to tell you which oxidation state the particular metal has when bonding to the non-metal. This is only done when the oxidation state can be more than one value.
its because of the d orbital which contain 10 electrons and push the s orbital inward i_e towards the nucleus so they are more attracted by nucleus and this is called poor shielding effect of d orbital... thus 6s2 are close to the nucleus these electrons are less available for bonding... this is known as inert pair effect... Note that both elemnst exhibit the +1 and +3 oxidation staes- in thallium the +1 is the more stable and in gallium the +3 is the more stable
Zinc is in oxidation state +2 and oxygen in oxidation state -2. Zinc Oxide itself has not net charge/oxidation state.
The oxidation state of one atom increases while another decreases.
There is no known "sulfur metal". Sulfur is a nonmetal element, but in compounds with more electronegative nonmetals, such as oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, sulfur can have a positive oxidation state.
The most common oxidation state for chlorine is 1- (negative one).
Roman Numeral
Gallium is a metal, not a semiconductor. You cannot build a transistor or even a diode with a piece of metal, forget an IC chip containing several transistors.To create a gallium based semiconductor, it must be ALLOYED with one or more of the following elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony. The simplest semiconductor alloys are: gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, and gallium antimonide. Examples of other semiconductor alloys are: gallium nitride phosphide, gallium phosphide arsenide, etc. (these are used in some types of LEDs).The most common gallium alloy semiconductor for making transistors and IC chips is gallium arsenide. Compared to both silicon and germanium, transistors made of gallium arsenide are significantly faster, and additional speed can be obtained by using nonsaturating logic circuits like ECL.
Under normal conditions, +2 is cadmium's only positive oxidation state.