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What can a cell use to generate ATP and somehow recycle it supply of NAD?
A cell can generate ATP through either aerobic respiration or fermentation. During aerobic respiration, NADH is generated and then recycled back to NAD+ through the electron transport chain. In fermentation, NADH is also recycled back to NAD+ through other pathways like lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation.
Is water an end product of fermentation the Krebs cycle or the electron transport chain?
Water is a byproduct of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. It is formed when oxygen combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to produce water molecules.
Is electron transport involved in both lactic acid and alcohol fermentation?
No, electron transport is not involved in either lactic acid or alcohol fermentation. Both processes are anaerobic, meaning they occur in the absence of oxygen and do not utilize the electron transport chain. Instead, they rely on substrate-level phosphorylation to generate ATP, using NADH produced during glycolysis to reduce pyruvate into lactic acid or acetaldehyde into ethanol.
Does fermentation Use Electron Transport Chains?
Fermentation does not use electron transport chains (ETCs) in the same way that aerobic and anaerobic respiration do. Instead, fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows organisms to generate energy without oxygen, relying on substrate-level phosphorylation for ATP production. During fermentation, electrons are transferred to organic molecules, such as pyruvate, rather than through a series of electron carriers in an ETC. This process results in the production of byproducts like ethanol or lactic acid, depending on the type of fermentation.
What happens to O2 in fermentation?
During fermentation, O2 is not used as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, as it is in aerobic respiration. Instead, fermentation pathways generate energy through substrate-level phosphorylation in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of byproducts such as ethanol, lactic acid, or other organic compounds.
How is NADPH and ATP recycled throughout photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, NADPH and ATP are recycled through the light-dependent reactions. NADPH is regenerated through the reduction of NADP+ by electrons from water in the electron transport chain. ATP is regenerated through the phosphorylation of ADP using energy from electron transport chain.
What does an Aerobe use as the final electron acceptor?
Aerobes use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation. The process that yields a final product called lactate fermentation.
Which high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation?
NAD+
During lactic acid fermentation, what is the final electron acceptor?
Pyruvate
What is recycled in fermentation?
In fermentation, the primary substances recycled are NADH and NAD+ molecules, which are crucial for maintaining the balance of electron carriers during the process. Specifically, NADH is oxidized back to NAD+ during the conversion of pyruvate to various end products, such as ethanol or lactic acid, depending on the type of fermentation. This recycling allows glycolysis to continue, enabling the organism to produce energy even in anaerobic conditions. Additionally, carbon dioxide may also be released and can be utilized in other biological processes.
Which process produces most of ATP molecules?
The majority of ATP molecules are produced through oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria during cellular respiration. This process involves the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, which generate ATP from the energy released by the flow of electrons.
Which ion end up in the intermembrane space during electron transport?
Hydrogen ions are pumped into the mitochondrion during electron transport. Oxygen is the final acceptor of the electron resulting in the formation of water.
