It's difficult to answer this because Turkey is such a large country with diverse regions. But Ankara (the capital of Turkey) has very cold winters - the average minimum temperature is around -4oC with plenty of snow. Snow in Cyprus, outside of the mountains, is very rare. So you could say that Cyprus is a warmer country.
no
Turkey is hotter!
The Cyprus Island is located in the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea which Turkey has borders with. So, Cyprus is much closer to Turkey than it is to Greece.
There is no capital as it is not a country. It is an area of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkey since 1974. No other country than Turkey recognises that part as an independent country.
Turkey invaded illegally Cyprus
Yes, it is. In the Mediterranean region of Turkey, temperatures soar to 50°c.
Turkey
fuerteventura
Yes Spain is the hottest out of all these and Uk is coldest. Spain has Canary Islands, they are much more Southern than anywhere in Greece.
Cyprus is an island 250-300 miles west (and a little south) of Turkey.
Yes it is possible to see Cyprus from Turkey (or vice versa) if it is a clear sky.
I wouldn't think Cyprus are allies with the US considering the US are allies with Turkey and Turkey with the blessing of the US invaded Cyprus.
The island of Cyprus is south of Turkey and west of Syria.