more than likely yes but it depends on how far it has fallen
a gerbil mom will EAT a runt or one of it's own so a runt is not likely to survive long
NO! Of course it won't it's a tiny rodent!
Depends about the dog and gerbil. You should bring your gerbil to a vet (if they do gerbils).
adaptation is it own parents that help it survive
no a gerbil pup needs its mothers milk to survive when it is young
It is most likely to be Meriones unguiculatus, the Mongolian Gerbil. No other gerbil breed is commonly kept as pets, near to 100% of pet gerbils will be the Mongolian.
until they are old enough to survive on their own! until they are old enough to survive on their own!
A warm (not hot or cold) place to sleep
Yes, it is possible and likely that the cat would try to catch, kill and maybe eat the gerbil. You should keep the gerbil in a cage that isn't accessible by the cat.
THERE IS NO OUTDOOR WEATHER SAFE FOR A GERBIL! If your gerbil is outside, it can run away or get eaten by a hawk or something! Maybe if you put it in a ball outside in the spring or fall, but you'll need to stay with it the entire time it is outside. But putting a gerbil outside unprotected is really dangerous, even if you are right there.
It is likely your gerbil died of natural causes and the other one was just disposing of its body. It is not very nice to think on but makes a lot of sense in the wild as a dead body would just attract predators.
Gerbils are desert rodents, which means they are used to heat. So probably not very well.