Linux and Unix do have their share of malware, though there are fewer of them.
Any malware may not attack a given system if it is targetted to a specific system. Unix systems are vulnerable to viruses and malware just as other systems are.
Linux is not an exact copy of any previous operating system. It is modeled after various Unix and Unix-like systems.
Any Linux/Unix process that runs in the background is called a 'daemon' process. The word derives from the Greek meaning "worker".
The difficulties are the same regardless of any modern server operating system; I don't believe there are any that are that specific to Unix or Linux that might not be shared with other operating systems.
Since IRIX was discontinued in 2006 and the hardware for SGI uses other Linux distributions it is doubtful that you will find any anti-virus software for this OS.
As Unix isn't any particular operating system, there is no distinct name for the kernel. Different versions of Unix may have vastly different kernel structures. The Linux kernel is called, well, the Linux kernel. The Vista kernel is a continuation of the "NT kernel" designed for Windows NT 3.1.
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In general, no, it is not difficult at all. As long as you stick to the POSIX (and other open standards) and use a conformant compiler for the software there shouldn't be any problem in porting software. I do it all the time - from Linux to Unix, or Unix to Linux, makes no difference. In fact, a lot of common software is cognizant of the actual Operating System at compile time and will take care of the differences (if there are any).
Linux is pretty good at Virus protection by itself. But you can get ClamAv, or any of the big name Anti-Virus programs for it.
Most people who write virus's target the windows OS they just don't bother with Linux. Usually anyone who can use Linux wont find any difficulty in removing virus's, so theres no point in sending them a virus.
No. Hacking, depending on your definition, can be done from almost any operating system.
There is no answer to this question. Under UNIX and Linux, commands are either shell native or external programs found on the path (which usually includes /bin /sbin /usr/bin and ~/bin) Most UNIX and distros allow the admin to choose a shell program of choice and modify the contents of other directories and many admins allow individual users to change their personal shell and add additional executable files adding more commands. That being the case, theoretically any command can be valid under almost any UNIX or Linux. YMMV.