No, except if the word is used at the beginning of a sentence.
Earth, as in we live on the planet Earth, is supposed to be capitalized. Earth, as in the dirt we walk on, is not supposed to be capitalized.
Well, technically, they are supposed to be called bison because buffalos (cape and water) live in Africa and Asia.
Usually, yes a phase of the moon is supposed to be capitalized.
No, it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, "Hindenburg" should be capitalized as it is a proper noun referring to the German airship LZ 129 Hindenburg.
No it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, America should be capitalized.
no
No, but the names of individual languages are capitalized.
Yes, Siamese would be capitalized.
Yes.
Yes.