Answer 1
It's not. Historically, though, the Jews were the only ones who accepted it.
Answer 2
Religious Jews see the Torah as a Mission Statement for the difficult assignment that has been given uniquely to the Jewish People. It is not that the Torah is off-limits to Non-Jews, just that it is not necessary for non-Jews to learn Torah the way that Jews must. A very similar example would be about the Fellowship of the Ring. These were people specifically selected for a certain mission that was difficult and fraught with danger. This did not mean that people outside of the Fellowship could not be made aware of the mission or help participate in it, but it was not their burden to complete.
This is also why Judaism opposes proselytization; Jews feel that they cannot impose the burden of being a Jew on someone who does not wish to take on the task by nature of their personality and perseverance.
Yes, but anyone can become a Jew, and everyone is required to believe in God.
God is for anyone that cares to believe in such things.
Yes!
About 2/3 of the population of Israel is Jewish, perhaps 1/4 are Muslim, and the remainder are mostly Christians. For many years, Hebrew and Arabic were both official languages. Recent legislation from the Netanyahu government has shifted the balance toward Jews and away from minority religions, but Israeli Arabs still have significant representation in the Israeli parliament, the Kenesset.
75% of the population of Israel is Jewish.
The Modern State of Israel has little to do with Jewish faith, but a lot to do with Jewish identity. Israel is the only Jewish State in the sense that Greece is the only Greek State (except perhaps Cyprus). Israel actualizes many of the ideals of Jewish leadership and society and represents what being Jewish means as a group of people and a society. However, according to Jewish faith, there is no need for a State as God will protect His people. This is why Israel has little directly to do with faith. Regardless, much of the religious Jewish decisions and schools are in Israel and Israel's Jewish orientation facilitates the growth and development of these institutions. In terms of Jewish identity, Ahad Ha'am explains that the Jewish Soul is intrinsically connected to his history and in the same way that a German-American can never be as properly German as a German in Germany, the People of Israel can never be as properly Jewish if they are not in the Land of Israel. The relics in that land speak to a Jewish sensibility and character.
The Modern State of Israel has little to do with Jewish faith, but a lot to do with Jewish identity. Israel is the only Jewish State in the sense that Greece is the only Greek State (except perhaps Cyprus). Israel actualizes many of the ideals of Jewish leadership and society and represents what being Jewish means as a group of people and a society. However, according to Jewish faith, there is no need for a State as God will protect His people. This is why Israel has little directly to do with faith. Regardless, much of the religious Jewish decisions and schools are in Israel and Israel's Jewish orientation facilitates the growth and development of these institutions. In terms of Jewish identity, Ahad Ha'am explains that the Jewish Soul is intrinsically connected to his history and in the same way that a German-American can never be as properly German as a German in Germany, the People of Israel can never be as properly Jewish if they are not in the Land of Israel. The relics in that land speak to a Jewish sensibility and character.
The homeland of Jewish Faith is Israel.
There has only ever been 1 Jewish country: Israel. The national language of Israel is Hebrew.
Converted Jewish people do not do any special "proclaiming" of the land of Israel.
Israel, the Jewish people.
Israel
Israel
Israel was created for the Jews.The country of Israel was created for the Jewish people.
Israel is considered the national homeland for the Jewish people and inherited this title from the Mandate for Palestine (which stated in Article 6 that the land was a Jewish National Homeland).
Israel has about 75% Jewish population.