Depends where you are, and what the legal issues of your residence is regarding labour matters. In the US, for instance, most states allow an employer to fire an employee for any reason they see fit, with the exception of discriminatory practices, which are prohibited by federal law.
Employers can ask that in every state.
Is a previous employer allowed to tell a prospective employer you were fired when you were not in Nevada?
Nope, but a reference check will do the trick. If they call your past employers for a reference check, they'll more than likely find out.
If a prospective employer calls your previous employer, the previous employer can say whatever they feel is true. If you don't want a bad reference, you may not want to put your previous employer on the application.
That is a decision for his employers.
Almost all employers will require a reference from your last 2 or 3 employers, so if you were to be fired it would cetainly be a problem getting a good reference.
In the USA, where kids can lawfully work paper routes and for non-manufacturing employers, kids can be fired, since employers can fire anyone without cause.
Once you are fired, you earn no more wages, so employers don't pay you.
Here in the States, potential employers are not allowed to ask how the former employment was terminated. They can only seek character references. No law prohibits employers from giving thorough info on former employees to anyone who inquires. Former employees have zero expectation of privacy regarding their work record, attendance, attitude, skill, or disciplines. EMployers who express no falsehoods about a former employee have zero liability for defamation.
Only if you were fired at or almost at the end of your working day. However, most employers would not quibble about such a petty decision. Probably depends on why you were fired.
Yes
Any employee can be fired for getting convicted of a crime. Employers need not ignore convictions, as they must sometimes ignore arrests. And employers need not hold a job open for an employee gpoing to jail.