Have it examined by a gunsmith.
Yes
The Stevens 59A can shoot all size loads from #12 to slug. So in short, yes.
No.
Do you mean "Shotgun"? Stevens didnt make a shotgun model 44. Perhaps it's a rifle? Stevens made a Model 44 single shot Rifle valued from $250 to $600 in mint condition depending on caliber.
Made by J Stevens Arms Company
http://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Shotgun
Can't be answered without knowing what it is choked.
yes your Stevens shotgun should be safe to shoot,I'm not saying run nitro mags in it but it should function fine with high brass game loads.....they are a well built shotgun designed by John Browning..if your ever looking to sell it i'd be interested..........kyledeno@yahoo.com
A shotgun can shoot up to 80 yards it it depends on what the choke is on the gun.
a 12 gauge shotgun can shoot about 30 yards accuracy
if you dont know that then you should not own it.... the barrel should break over and you load it there
The "J.Stevens" name was shortened to "Stevens" in 1940. What you need to look for is the chamber size, which should be stamped on the barrel. It needs to be 2 & 3/4 inches to shoot modern ammo. Also Stevens usually stamped near the chamber size if the barrel was proof tested. My Stevens single is stamped "Proof Tested Steel" and it handles modern ammo well, but kicks like a mule. To be really safe, let a gunsmith look at it.