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When it becomes hotter than the rails can stretch to more than the gaps between rails can handle, the rails start to bend becasuse they have expanded. If there is enough pressure to "pop out" tie spikes, the rail will bend. This is a bigger concern today because long section of rail, called Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) can be a quarter mile long and have no gaps to abosrb this expansion. This rail relies on "rail anchors" to hold the rail in place. However, under extreme conditions, the anchors start getting pushed off and this can result in a long section of track that has bent and can no longer carry a train.

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Q: Is it true that train tracks bend during a heatwave?
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