No, magma is just molten rock that lies under the Earth's Crust (when outside of the Crust it is lava). What you are thinking of is probably plasma, which can be formed by superheating gas.
Gas is stored in the Magma chamber at the bottom of the volcano, along with the magma.
Oxygen is not a common gas in magma. Magma is typically composed of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
The gas was trapped in the magma.
steam
Volcanoes vary a lot in how they erupt. The most important factor is the gas content of the magma. All magmas have gases dissolved in them, in the same way that soft drinks have carbon dioxide dissolved in to make them fizzy. As the magma gets close to the surface, the pressure on the magma decreases. That causes some of the gas to bubble out of the magma. Magma with low gas content comes out of the volcano without violent explosions and then flows peacefully down the sides of the volcano.
Andesitic magma typically has an intermediate gas content, resulting in eruptions that can be explosive, but not as violently explosive as magmas with higher gas contents like rhyolitic magma. The explosiveness of Andesitic magma eruptions can be influenced by factors such as the speed of gas release and the presence of water or other volatiles.
Typically, high viscosity, high gas magma results in a Plinian (explosive) eruption. The gas pulverizes the magma into ash and may form lateral pyroclastic flows.
Yes, basaltic magma typically has low gas content compared to other types of magma. This is because basaltic magma is formed at high temperatures and pressures which allows gases to escape more easily. The low gas content contributes to the relatively quiet and effusive eruptions common with basaltic magma.
because of the heat in magma.
At most depths, gas is dissolved in the magma under pressure. When the magma gets close to the surface the gas comes out of solution, forming bubbles which expand rapidly. If enough gas is present in the magma, this expansion results in eruptions that take the form of violent explosions and generate large clouds of ash.
Magma is not an eruption. Magma is a mixture of molten minerals and dissolved gas that is underground. All volcanic eruptions, apart from phreatic eruptions, involve magma.
The explosive force of a volcanic eruption comes from gas trapped in the magma. The magma that feeds Mauna Loa has a low gas content.