Yes, Italian (standard Italian).
The traditional language of the island of Corsica is very closely related to Italian, but has a somewhat different literary language. I guess the main reason to see Corsican as a distinct language is the fact that Corsica is part of France and has been separate from Italy for a long time. There are "dialects"/local languages in Italy that are more different from Italian proper than Corsican is. Note that Corsican is now less commonly spoken in Corsica than French. It is very probable that Gallurese and Sassarese, the dialects of northern Sardinia that are arguably dialects of Corsican, have more native or fluent speakers than Corsican proper.
Corsican has some traditions as literary language so it is possible to read and write in Corsican.
No, although they both have Latin origins.
No, they are completely different concepts.
Brendan is the same in English and Italian, because of the tendency to respect the original language's spelling.
Brandon is the same in English and Italian, because of the tendency to respect the original language's spelling.
Italian and Latin are not the same. Italian is a modern Romance language descended from Latin, while Latin is an ancient language that was spoken in the Roman Empire. Italian has taken influence from Latin but has evolved over time into a distinct language with its own grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Names are the same in every language.
Sicilian Language is different from Italian. Just like the other romance languages (French, Spanish, or Portuguese) are different from Italian. The Sicilian grammar shares the same fundamentals as the other Latin language and, in my opinion, has a closer relation to Spanish grammar.
Mark Loundy is the same in English and Italian, because the original language's spelling tends to be respected.
Since "Hershey" is a name, it will probably remain the same when pronoucned in Italian, but maybe with a slightly different sound as letters and sounds can differ slightly from language to language.
Italian and Welsh are not directly related as they come from different language families. Italian is a Romance language, originating from Latin, while Welsh is a Celtic language, part of the Brythonic branch. They evolved separately from different ancestral languages.
Today, yes. All Romans speak Italian today, its their national language. In ancient times the Romans spoke Latin, and modern Italian is, like all the other Romance languages, an offshoot of Latin.
All the same.