Yes. Slime ball, enderpearl, eye of the ender... but you can`t place any of them.
you cant but you can build something that looks like a sphere
Minecraft's Item ID's can be found on Minecraft Wiki. Link in related links.
There is no item. Wait deeper into the game and when you are able to use the sphere, draw an hourglass.
No, you can't take one item from a Minecraft mod unless there is a separate mod which contains that one item.
Minecraft
The item ID for a diamond pick in Minecraft is 278. I have linked you below in the related links of a full list of all the ID's in Minecraft.
No
46
You can't.
there is no "carpet" item/block in minecraft, but people use different colored wool as carpet for minecraft.
There are no quarry blocks in Minecraft. Those are added by Buildcraft, a mod.
you right click on a block