Yes; exceptionally egregious infringement cases can be handled in criminal court, and carry prison terms in addition to enormous fines.
No. What you are asking about is called a "poor man's copyright." There is no provision in the copyright law regarding any such type of protection, and it is not a substitute for registration. Additionally the principle has never been shown in court to add any protection to an unregistered claim of copyright.
The copyright Act also makes provision for criminal penalties of £5,000 or imprisonment for up to 3 years for the first convicton the maximium fine or imprisoment penalty for second conviction is £10,000 or 5 years
Copyright infringement is primarily governed by civil law, but in some cases, it can also be considered a criminal offense.
* because of life
No. There is no legal provision (nor additional protection) for a "poor man's copyright"
Yes the US & Germany have reciprocal copyright agreements. Additionally they are both signatories to the WIPO treaty & Berne Copyright Convention which has as a provision a promise to honor copyrights on foreign works just as if they had been created under their jurisdiction.
A civil case is between two people or organizations; a copyright example would be a photographer suing a publisher in civil court for using one of his images in a book without permission.A criminal case is between an infringer and the government; this only happens in extreme, extreme infringement cases, such as large-scale piracy. A slight but useful oversimplification of the issue would be to say that a criminal case arises when the infringement is so significant that it impacts the economy.
Commonly "poor man's copyright" refers to sending a copy of your work to yourself by registered mail. Theoretically this establishes a date of completion (assuming the Postal service is a "trusted source") Bear in mind however that there is no provision in copyright law regarding any such type of protection. Poor man's copyright is not a substitute for registration and until tested in court is best regarded as an "urban myth".
No. There is a provision in the "fair use" exception regarding educational use of a portion of copyrighted materials but it does not remove the responsibility for educational institutions to adhere to copyright law.
No. There is a provision in the "fair use" exception regarding educational use of a portion of copyrighted materials but it does not remove the responsibility for educational institutions to adhere to copyright law.
Commonly "poor man's copyright" refers to sending a copy of your work to yourself by registered mail. Theoretically this establishes a date of completion (assuming the Postal service is a "trusted source") Bear in mind however that there is no provision in copyright law regarding any such type of protection. Poor man's copyright is not a substitute for registration and until tested in court is best regarded as an "urban myth".
Copyright law is a civil matter. But sometimes it can stray into criminal law, if for example you download a movie illegally that is a civil matter, but if you then sell copies of that movie it is criminal. To clarify, in the UK it is not illegal to buy 'pirate' DVDs but it is illegal to sell them.