There is a demo version of the game on their website. Other than that, there is no legal way.
You could use www.freewebs.com, or any other 'free website site'.
You have to buy the game if you want to play any version of Minecraft Survival Mode. The only free version of Minecraft is Classic, which can be found on the Minecraft official website.
Minecraft Classic on Minecraft's homepage is a free in-browser version of Minecraft. The link can be found under "Sources and related links" below this answer.
No. If you download it from the official website it will not contain any viruses.
The Minecraft game can be played for free, as a beta version, on the Minecraft website. This version does not require the user to download any files.
Minecraft beta is not free, you have to pay to play it. Any website attempting to give you Minecraft for free is illegal. If you find a site like this do not download anything from it as it is not only illegal, but may contain viruses.
If you go to the website right underneath sign in there should be a button that says play minecraft for free.
Yes, you can purchase it on the Minecraft website, and any server that is up to date will be available for you to play.
As it is obtained solely either from the Minecraft website, or from XBox Live, it doesn't technically 'come out' in any specific country.
It is as long as you do not click on any links in chat.
It is your account that is made premium. You could log into your account from any PC that has the Minecraft client.