Is there data proving that affirmative action and productivity are related?

Answer 1

There is no general consensus in scholarly work, but here are some contrasting examples of conclusions some authors have reached:

1) Affirmative action has not decreased productivity: http://www.jstor.org/pss/145562

2) Affirmative action has little productivity costs unless they are significantly politically motivated: http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/uclalr42&div=33&id=&page=

3) Affirmative action has no decrease productivity because test scores and differentials are not related to work productivity: http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/calr84&div=28&id=&page=

4) Affirmative action's effect on productivity is difficult to measure and therefore we cannot know: http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=MJPLWJHg0sjkLP0qhphcBRLHzPmYDtChZVHdnMRRGTfTxkY1LLGC!-771937571!822719353?docId=5000144160

5) Affirmative action has little effect on productivity but seems to create negative perception of itself: http://www.jstor.org/pss/2534808