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The common factor of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is monotheism.

Muslim Answer:Neither Islam nor Christianity adopted any idea from Judaism. The three religions are from same God. Neither of the three religions is human made or human invented religion to adopt or borrow ideas from previous religion or religions.

Upon start of mankind, people were taught through God prophets to be on full submission (that means Islam) to God. All prophet missions; including Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, were assigned to call people for and teach them to hold submission (Islam) to the one and only one God, the Creator.

In this sense:

  • Islam per God revelation of Torah to Moses is called Judaism.
  • Islam per God revelation of The Bible to Jesus is called Christianity.
  • Islam per God revelation of Quran to Muhammad is called the very name Islam.
Jewish Answer:The most important idea that Christianity and Islam adopted from Judaism was monotheism, with God the creator of all.

Angels had been part of Judaic belief as found in the Hebrew Bible, and are now part of Christian and Islamic belief. The concept of Satan as the evil adversary of God is common to Christianity and Islam. In Judaism, Satan is a loyal assistant of God, tasked with testing the righteousness of the faithful.

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The three God religions; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: are created by God and hence the three God religions have the same main beliefs in one God, belief in angels, ... etc as the founder of the three religions is the same God. Accordingly, the claim that any religion adopted some ideas from other religions may not be generally true.

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There is no question that Islam, like Christianity, was heavily influenced by Judaism, directly and indirectly. Very many concepts and quotes in the Qur'an (the book of Islam) are taken verbatim from the Torah, the Hebrew prophets, and later Jewish teachings. The Talmud was already recorded in writing by no later than 500 CE*, before the time of Muhammad, making it a simple matter to quote from it too.*(Footnote: as stated in the Encyclopedia Brittanica, under "Talmud and Midrash.")


Examples:

1) Qur'an:

"...Whoever killed a human being, except as punishment for murder or other villainy, shall be deemed as though he had killed all mankind; and whoever saved a human life shall be deemed as though he had saved all mankind."

Judaism:

"Whoever kills a single individual it is considered that he has slain the entire world, but he who preserves the life of a single individual it is counted as if he has preserved the whole world." Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5.


2) Qur'an:

The famous narrative of how the young Abraham smashed his father's idols -


Judaism:

- is taken from the Jewish midrash (Genesis Rabbah 38:11-13).


3) The following Hebrew-Bible characters are found in parallel Qur'an-narratives:

Adam, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Jethro, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Zachariah, and Job.


4) Arthur Jeffery writes in "The Foreign Vocabulary of the Quran", in page 1 of the introduction:

"One of the distinct impressions gleaned from a first perusal of the Quran, is that of the amount of material which is borrowed from the religions that were active in Arabia at the time when the Quran was in process of formation. It is plain that Muhammad drew his inspiration not from the religious life and experiences of his own land and his own people, but from the great monotheistic religions which were pressing down into Arabia in his day."


5) Charles Torrey in "The Jewish Foundation of Islam", writes on page 43:

"It was at home, not abroad, that the Muhammad received the Biblical and Haggadic narratives which occupy so large a part of the Koran."

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Q: Islam and Christianity adopted what ideas from judaism?
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