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Why do we saturate ammonium sulphate in rothera's test?
Rothera's test is used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in a solution (eg urine). it utilizes sodium nitroprusside, liquid ammonia and ammonium sulphate. ammonium sulphate is used to concentrate the ketone bodies to the center of the solution. the other 2 constituents react with ketone bodies to form pink coloured polymerized compound. Rothera's test is used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in a solution (eg urine). it utilizes sodium nitroprusside, liquid ammonia and ammonium sulphate. ammonium sulphate is used to concentrate the ketone bodies to the center of the solution. the other 2 constituents react with ketone bodies to form pink coloured polymerized compound. Ammonium ion is used to precipitate the proteins that may be present.. Because proteins can give a positive result to Rothera's test as well..
What is Ketonemia defined as?
Ketonemia is defined as the presence of abnormal ketone bodies at an elevated level. Another name for ketonemia is hyperketonemia.
What is the principle of rotheras test?
The Rothera nitroprusside test looks for ketone bodies in urine. It is done by taking 5 mL of urine and adding ten drops of concentrated ammonia water and solid ammonium sulfate. The sample is then analyzed after 15 minutes. If the sample turns purple, then that means there is acetoacetic acid in the urine.
Why purple coloured ring formed in rothera's test?
Rothera's test is useful for qualitative detection of ketone bodies in urine.Ketone bodies are acetone,acetoacetic acid and Beta-hydroxy butyric acid.Among the three,Rothera's test detects only first two.For detection of Beta-hydroxy butyric acid the urine sample is heated to drive out any acetone or acetoacetic acid.Then,hydrogen peroxide is added to oxidise Beta-hydroxy butyric acid to acetoacetic acid which is then detected by the conventional Rothera's test.However,as the three ketone bodies tend to occur together such detection of Beta-hydroxy butyric acid is unnecessary in routine practice.Ketone bodies are found in a variety of condition- two most important are Diabetes Mellitus and starvation.Ketone bodies are formed when there is excessive breakdown of fat.Acetyl CoA an intermediate of fat breakdown as well as Kreb's Cycle is formed in excess of what can be utilised in Kreb's Cycle.Hence molecules of ACetyl CoA join with each other to form Ketone bodies in the liver(liver itself is unable to utilise Ketone bodies due to lack of necessary breakdown enzyme for ketone bodies although it contains the synthesising enzymes).Ketone bodies tend to oppose glucose utilisation in brain in diabetics.When ketone bodies accumulate too much it causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis-requires emergency management.Insulin-dependent diabetics are more prone to develop such complications. Rothera's test is performed in a small test tube.A small amount of urine is taken and it is fully saturated with ammonium salt.Then a drop of sodium nitroprusside is added to it.Finally as in all ring tests-ammonium hydroxide is slowly added by side of test tube.After few seconds a purple ring develops at junction of two liquids-Urine and ammonium hydroxide.The purple ring is due to a complex formed between ketone body and nitroprusside in presence of ammonia.
What is lypolysis?
Lipolysis is the breakdown of fat stored in fat cells. During this process, free fatty acids are released into the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. Ketones are produced, and are found in large quantities in ketosis (a state in metabolism occurring when the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies which can be used by the body for energy.). Lipolysis testing strips such as Ketostix are used to recognize ketosis.
What are compounds formed by incomplete fat metabolism which in turn can be due to inadequate consumption of carbohydrates?
ketone bodies
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts it usually indicates increased metabolism of?
fatty acids
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amount it usually indicates increased metabolism of?
fatty acids
Presence of ketone bodies in blood and urine in large amounts usually indicates increased metabolism of?
Proteins-amino acids
What is ketogenesis?
The formation of Ketone Bodies.
Why is liver unable to utilize ketone bodies as fuel although liver synthesizes ketone bodies?
The liver lacks the 3-ketoacyl CoA transferase enzyme. This enzyme is required to convert acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA . This is an essential step in using ketone bodies as fuel.
A feature of ketosis is?
Ketosis is the state of having elevated ketone bodies in the blood stream. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted. Ketone bodies are acidic, and prolonged exposure can overrun the compensatory mechanisms resulting in ketoacidosis ( pH under 7.35). Most commonly, ketoacidosis is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), resulting from increased fat metabolism due to a shortage of insulin. It is associated primarily with type I diabetes, and may result in a diabetic coma if left untreated. In alcoholic ketoacidosis, alcohol causes dehydration and blocks the first step of gluconeogenesis. The body is unable to synthesize enough glucose to meet its needs, thus creating an energy crisis resulting in fatty acid metabolism, and ketone body formation.
Is Acetoacetate a ketone body?
Yes. It's one of three ketone bodies: Acetone, Acetoacetate & Beta-hydroxybutyrate.
What is the difference between litmus strips and ketone strips?
Litmus strips estimate the pH of a solution. Ketone strips detect the presence of ketone bodies in the solution. Specifically, ketone strips are more sensitive for acetoacetate and less so for beta hydroxybutyric acid.
Glycosuria and Ketone bodies in the urine are both clear signs that a person has?
Diabetes
What produces ketone bodies?
fat catabolism
Why do we saturate ammonium sulphate in rothera's test?
Rothera's test is used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in a solution (eg urine). it utilizes sodium nitroprusside, liquid ammonia and ammonium sulphate. ammonium sulphate is used to concentrate the ketone bodies to the center of the solution. the other 2 constituents react with ketone bodies to form pink coloured polymerized compound. Rothera's test is used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in a solution (eg urine). it utilizes sodium nitroprusside, liquid ammonia and ammonium sulphate. ammonium sulphate is used to concentrate the ketone bodies to the center of the solution. the other 2 constituents react with ketone bodies to form pink coloured polymerized compound. Ammonium ion is used to precipitate the proteins that may be present.. Because proteins can give a positive result to Rothera's test as well..
