Explain 2 ways technology is used in the field of genetics?

Answer 1

1. Medical Applications: Medical transcription software has slowly replaced the need for manual transcription services that could take up to a week to turnaround a dictation; today’s innovative software and technologies are designed to automate the dictation-to-reporting process so that the final product can be retrieved within 24-48 hours. 2. Human Gene Therapy: Gene therapy is the medical treatment of a disease by repairing or replacing defective genes or introducing therapeutic genes to fight the disease. Over the past ten years, certain autoimmune diseases and Heart disease have been treated with gene therapy. 3. Pharmaceutical Products: Different types of medicine can be created and used to fight diseases that are caused by genetic defects and problems in the DNA 4. Forensic Evidence: DNA evidence can be used to identify a perpetrator - even decades after the commission of a crime. 5. Environmental Clean Up: The new genetic techniques now allow us to establish more precisely the diversity of microorganisms and identify those critical to maintaining or restoring the function and integrity of large and small ecosystems; this knowledge also can be useful in monitoring and predicting environmental change. 6. Agricultural Application: The cultivation of recombinant DNA-modified crops, first introduced in 1995, now exceeds 100 million acres, and such crops are grown by 7 million farmers in 18 countries, their total cultivation remains but a small fraction of what is possible. 7. Pharm Animals: It involves genetic modification of an animal embryo's genetic makeup, or genome. Just after fertilization, "pharmers" insert into the embryo a human gene that codes for a particular protein -- usually one that's produced naturally in humans, but that's lacking in people who have certain diseases. They attach that DNA code with a gene that codes for a sugar found in mammalian milk, insuring that the therapeutic protein will be expressed only in the animals' milk or eggs. -GTC's ATryn contains the human protein antithrombin, which helps prevent blood clots that could lead to a stroke or heart attack 8. Plant Engineering: Plants can be genetically engineered to produce their own Bt. Genetic (recombinant DNA) engineering is the modification of DNA molecules to produce changes in plants, animals or other organisms. Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly known as Bt, is a bacterium that occurs naturally in the soil and can be used to kill insects. Steps: First, scientists identify a strain of Bt that kills the targeted insect. Then they isolate the gene that produces the lethal protein. That gene is removed from the Bt bacterium, and a gene conferring resistance to a chemical (usually antibiotic or herbicide) is attached that will prove useful in a later step. The Bt gene with the resistance gene attached is inserted into plant cells. At this point, scientists must determine which plant cells have successfully received the Bt gene and are now transformed. Any plant cell that has the Bt gene must also have the resistance gene that was attached to it. Researchers grow the plant cells in the presence of the antibiotic or herbicide and select the plant cells that are unaffected by it. These genetically transformed plant cells are then grown into whole plants by a process called tissue culture. The modified plants produce the same lethal Bt protein produced by Bt bacteria because the plants now have the same gene. Research to transfer insect resistance genes from Bt to crop plants is well under way. Corn, cotton and potatoes are three of the many commercial crops targeted for Bt insect resistance.

Answer 2

Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and the variations of inherited characteristics. Two ways that technology is used in the field of genetics are through recombinant dna technology for synthesis of hormones and cloning.

Answer 3

selective breeding: used to make a specific organism have certain traits.

cloning:used to make exact copies of something. i.e. (food can be cloned to make an infinite supply.

genetic engineering: used to change the DNA of something which can make it immune to a disease

Answer 4

Recombinant DNA technology is used to introduce new plasmids into bacteria thereby transforming them.

One way this is used is by introducing a plasmid with the gene of a desired protein to make the cell produce the protein.

A second way is using a reporter gene to test at what point in a cell's life it utilizes a particular promoter.

A third way is to introduce genes tagged with GFP, like microtubules with GFP, to view the positioning of the microtubules in the cell through fluorescence of the GFP molecule attached.

Answer 5

It allows for some substances to be produced in mass scale and cheaply, industrially. Insulin would probably be the most important example, which is produced by genetically engineered bacteria.

Answer 6

DNA technology can be used for paternity/maternity testing or crime-scene investigation.

Answer 7

1. New cures to help the sick

2. New advances in agriculture

3. New advances in picking traits of human offspring