There are two very well-known models of curriculum reform, namely
1. Donald Schon's Centre-Periphery model and
2.Havelock's Research, Development and Diffusion (R,D&D) model, which have been used in the United States of America and in the United Kingdom for many decades.
there is also a third model known as DACUM; an acronym for "Developing A Curriculum". this model was first developedas a joint effort by the Canadian Department of Manpower and Immigration and the General Learning Corporation, and later adopted by the Nova Scotia New Start, Incorporation which utilized the strategy for the determination of vocationalcurriculum content for disadvantaged adult learners as stated by Finch & Crunkilton in 1999.
Cyclical Model includes elements from both the rational and dynamic models but is basically an extension of the rational models which are essentially logical and sequential in approach. In the Cyclical Models, curriculum is a continuous cycle responding to the changes within education where any new information or practice will bring changes. Cyclical models undertake situational analysis whereby the context or situation in which curriculum decisions are to be taken is thoroughly studied. This helps curriculum developers take correct decisions thus encouraging active participation of staffs in school based curriculum.
what is the deference between curiculum change and innovation
Wheeler's Model of Curriculum Design contains five stages while Tyler's Model only contains four. Also, Wheeler's model is cyclic and Tyler's model is linear. The only real similarity is the fact that they are both curriculum design models.
Curriculum organization of the curriculum content, means the process of selecting curriculum elements from the subject, the current social life and the students' experience, then designing the selected curriculum elements appropriately so that they can form the curriculum structure and type. In a narrow sense curriculum organization is the process to change the content into students' learning experiences intentionally, and make learning experiences sequential ,integral, successive after curriculum ideology has been determined, curriculum goal been set, curriculum content been selected. by favour geoffrey or favorugoefrey@yahoo.com
recommended curriculum - proposed by scholars and professional organizations
what is the deference between curiculum change and innovation
Be cause the models of curriculum help to know the types of curriculum based on the level of learners to whom the curriculum is developed for.
(I) advancement of science and technology (II) political policy
Curriculum models are structures or frameworks that guide the design and implementation of educational programs. Some common curriculum models include the Tyler model, the Taba model, and the Wheeler model. These models help educators organize, plan, and evaluate their teaching strategies to ensure effective learning outcomes.
With curriculum innovation, you would be teaching the subject in a new way, perhaps connected with other activities. For example, if you are teaching about a certain book, like To Kill A Mockingbird, you might have the students learn about the 1950s, about lifestyles of blacks and whites in that particular town, what was going on during that time in the government. If it hasn't been done before, it might be useful to include an simulation of some experience, bring in someone who lived in those times--an experience that will transform the knowledge that the students have. A change in curriculum will affect the subjects being taught. An alternative book, like A Time To Kill would be required reading instead. To Kill A Mockingbird might be moved to a reading list for juniors from the freshman year or to the curriculum of another class, such as history.
John S. Maclure has written: 'Curriculum innovation inpractice'
Cyclical Model includes elements from both the rational and dynamic models but is basically an extension of the rational models which are essentially logical and sequential in approach. In the Cyclical Models, curriculum is a continuous cycle responding to the changes within education where any new information or practice will bring changes. Cyclical models undertake situational analysis whereby the context or situation in which curriculum decisions are to be taken is thoroughly studied. This helps curriculum developers take correct decisions thus encouraging active participation of staffs in school based curriculum.
Curriculum innovation should be ongoing to keep pace with societal and technological changes, meet the evolving needs of students, and enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning practices. It ensures that education remains relevant, engaging, and prepares students for success in the modern world.
Different models of curriculum design vary in their approach and focus. For example, the Tyler model is more focused on defining objectives and outcomes, while the Taba model emphasizes collaboration and student input. The Hilda Taba model also places importance on evaluation and reflection throughout the curriculum design process.
Some theories of curriculum innovation include: Constructivism: emphasizes active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Humanism: focuses on the holistic development of individuals' potential, considering their emotional and social needs. Postmodernism: challenges traditional curriculum structures by promoting diversity, multiculturalism, and interdisciplinary approaches. Critical theory: seeks to address power dynamics, social inequalities, and injustices in the curriculum to promote social change.
-financial constraints -political pressure and inteference -growth of knowledge -language policy
Both the Tyler and Taba curriculum models emphasize the importance of systematic planning and organization of curriculum development. They both focus on the need for clear objectives and outcomes to guide the teaching and learning process. Additionally, both models stress the importance of collaboration between educators and stakeholders in designing and implementing the curriculum.