Brain
Parasympathetic nervous system .
Sympathetic nervous system .
The parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers
yes.
I came on this to figure it out!
Somatic is when you move on purpose. Autonomic is when you react without thinking.
Through the nerve fibers of the affrent (sensory) division of the Peripheral nervous system.
They are referred to as thoracolumbar outflow and run parallel to the spinal cord in a series on connected ganglion.
A bundle of fibers in the brainstem
The Pons - The Pons includes a bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum.
The autonomic nervous system also has two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympatheticdivision. These two divisions have antagonistic (opposing) effects on the internal organs they innervate (send nerves to act on).The sympathetic division, shown at the left, is the emergency system. It prepares the body to put out energy and to protect it from effects of injury. It shuts the gut down, speeds up the heart, increases blood pressure, dilates (makes bigger) the pupils of the eyes, makes more glucose (blood sugar) available in the blood for energy, etc. Cannon described these reactions as preparation for fight or flight (running away).The parasympathetic division, shown at the right, is the "housekeeping" division. It acts to replace and recover from the activities of living. Its action is (almost always) the opposite of the sympathetic division. It activates the gut for digestion, slows the heart rate, decreases the blood pressure, etc.
pons