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It really depends on the color of the smoke. The most common cause on a 300D is going to be air introduction into the fuel system. The primary suspect is usually the old style "screw-type" primer pump. Replace that with a newer Bosch-style unit, replace your primary and secondary fuel filters if they haven't been already, check your fuel line connections (and replace any braided lines that are weeping or feel damp), and check the bolt tightness on top of the secondary fuel filter housing.

If you have just replaced any part of the fuel system or had it open for some reason, then loosen the 17mm banjo bolt on top of the secondary fuel filter about 1 full turn and pump the primer several times until just fuel is squirting out from under the bolt, then tighten it back up and try starting it. This will purge most of the air from the fuel system. Note that this trick will do nothing if new air is being introduced as mentioned above.

Other causes of smoke can be worn rings, bad injectors, bad glow plugs, and faulty injection pumps to name a few.

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Q: On a 1985 Mercedes -Benz 300d while accelerating a lot of smoke comes out the back end why is this?
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